视角在自我评价早期阶段的调节作用  

The Perspective Modulation in the Early Processing of Self-Reflective

作　　者：周爱保[1] 张荣华[1] 夏瑞雪[1] 李世峰[2] 马小凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第2期384-391,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(31160204)的资助

摘　　要：在自我评价过程中存在着自我积极偏差。已有研究表明，采用第三人称视角进行反射眭自我评价可以减少自我积极偏差，这种调节作用主要表现在自我评价的后期，而评价早期是否就受到视角采择的调节尚不清楚。为了探讨视角采择在自我评价早期对积极偏差的调节作用，采集并分析了被试以第一人称和第三人称视角分别对积极、消极特质形容词进行自我描述判断时的脑电时域、频域数据。结果发现，在第三人称视角下，加工消极词比积极词在额叶区域诱发了更大的P2（120200ms）波幅，在左侧内俱4前额叶有更显著的激活；在Them（36Hz）、以及Gamma（3045Hz）节律上有显著高的能量增加，而Alpha（813Hz）节律则有显著高的能量降低。说明在自我评价的早期，人们更容易注意到以第三人称为视角的自我相关消极信息，即通过他人视角采择对自我积极偏差的调节在自我评价的早期阶段就已经发生了。For most individuals, information about the self is associated with a positive valence. Previous research demonstrates that such self-positive bias can be modulated by the third-person perspective, which means when one evaluates oneself through the third-person perspective, oneevaluates oneself less positively than one does through the first-person perspective. Although the cognitive neuroscience studies have showed thatthe event-related potentials （ERPs） components such as P300, N400, and LPC are attributed to the modulation phenomenon, it＇s still not quite clearwhat happened at the very beginning of the self-reflect task or whether the modulation starts at the early stage of self-evaluation. Emotional studieshave found the processing of negative words attract much more attention than the positive ones at the early stage of the emotional development. Wehypothesize that the modulation of the self-positive bias by the third-person perspective starts at the early stage when attention is paid to the emotionalwords which are used to describe one＇s personality.In the present research, 15 participants were enrolled in a 2 （perspective first-person perspective, third-person perspective） x2 （emotion：positive, negative） within-group experimental design. All participants had to make a judgment whether the emotional words appeared on thecomputer screen was appropriate to describe themselves through their own perspective or other perspective respectively. During the processing,the electroencephalogram （EEG） was recorded using the 256-channel HydroCel Geodesic Sensor Net （Electrical Geodesics, Inc., Eugene, OR）.Components, source and spectral analysis were used to explore the processing of the self-reflective task in four different conditions. The meanamplitude and power data were then analyzed with the repeated measures ANOVAs.The components results showed that under the third-person perspective, the processing of negative words elicited larger P2 （120-200ms） amplitudethan the positive ones in t

关 键 词：视角采择 自我积极偏差 ERSP 反射性评价 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]