不同方法对微藻细胞破碎及油脂提取效果的影响  

Effect of different methods on cell disruption and oil extraction of microalgae

作　　者：章莹颖[1] 邓春芳[1] 崔岩[1] 成家杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境与能源学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《中国油脂》2016年第3期61-65,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201305022);中国博士后科学基金(2014M560855)

摘　　要：将溶藻菌(Kordia sp.)运用于富油微藻的细胞破碎预处理(生物法),并与传统的高速匀浆法、反复冻融法、超声法、酸热法进行对比。结果表明:对于小球藻,细胞破碎率由高到低依次为酸热法(84%)>超声法(63%)>反复冻融法(60%)>高速匀浆法(57%)>生物法(51%);油脂提取率由高到低依次为超声法、生物法(35%)>酸热法(27%)>反复冻融法(23%)>高速匀浆法(21%)。对于杜氏盐藻,酸热法及超声法的细胞破碎率达到100%,其次为生物法达到94%,反复冻融法和高速匀浆法的细胞破碎率相对较低,分别为84%和45%;油脂提取率由高到低依次为超声法(26%)>生物法(22%)>高速匀浆法(17%)>酸热法(16%)>反复冻融法(10%)。综合以上结果可知:超声法和生物法相比于其他方法更适合用于对小球藻和杜氏盐藻的破碎预处理从而提高油脂提取率,而其中生物法具有能耗低的特点,因此在大规模生产中极具潜力。Algicidal bacteria（ Kordia sp.） was applied in the cell disruption pretreatment（ biological method） of oil-rich microalgae and the experimental result was compared with traditional high speed homogenization method,repeated freezing and thawing method,ultrasonication method and thermal-acid method. The results showed that for Chlorella sp.,the cell disruption rate of different methods from high to low was thermal-acid method（ 84%）,ultrasonication method（ 63%）,repeated freezing and thawing method（ 60%）,high speed homogenization method（ 57%） and biological method（ 51%）,while the oil extraction rate from high to low was ultrasonication method and biological method（ 35%）,thermal-acid method（ 27%）,repeated freezing and thawing method（ 23%） and high speed homogenization method（ 21%）. For Dunaliella salina,the cell disruption rates of thermal-acid method and ultrasonication method reached 100%,followed by biological method（ 94%）,repeated freezing and thawing method（ 84%） and high speed homogenization method（ 45%）,while the oil extraction rate from high to low was ultrasonication method（ 26%）,biological method（ 22%）,high speed homogenization method（ 17%）,thermal-acid method（ 16%） and repeated freezing and thawing method（ 10%）. It was concluded that the biological method and ultrasonication method were more suitable for the disruption pretreatment of Chlorella sp. and Dunaliella salina to improve the oil extraction rate than other methods,and the biological method had great potential in the large-scale production because of low energy consumption.

关 键 词：微藻 细胞破碎 油脂提取 生物法 超声法 

分 类 号：TS224[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]