典型燃煤电厂周边蔬菜重金属累积特征及人体健康风险  

Accumulation and health risks of heavy metals in vegetables around a typical coal-fired power plant

作　　者：程家丽[1] 张信伟 唐阵武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]重庆市忠县环境监测站

出　　处：《卫生研究》2016年第2期241-245,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：环境保护部2012年环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201309023)

摘　　要：目的探讨和分析燃煤电厂重金属排放对周边蔬菜质量安全的影响。方法选取典型燃煤电厂,分析其东南西北4个方向、5 km范围内(基于不同气象条件下的最大浓度的落地距离)叶菜类、豆类和茄果类蔬菜中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg和Pb重金属累积特征,并使用膳食暴露模型评估该地区蔬菜重金属污染的人体健康风险。结果调查的10种蔬菜中,叶菜类、豆类和茄果类Cu超标率分别为17.4%、14.3%和14.3%,叶菜Hg和Cr超标率分别为21.7%和17.4%,其他蔬菜重金属均未超出相应的国家食品卫生标准限值。儿童摄入Cu的非致癌风险值平均为1.09,其他金属对暴露人群的非致癌风险值均小于1.0,但该区域蔬菜中多种重金属对成人和儿童的总非致癌风险值分别为2.18和3.00。结论该区域蔬菜的重金属污染程度整体较低,燃煤电厂排放并没有造成周边蔬菜重金属的严重污染。该燃煤电厂周边蔬菜中除Cu累积对人体会造成非致癌风险,其他金属无明显的健康危害,但复合污染风险需重视。Objective To investigate the impacts of heavy metals from coal-fired power plant on the safety of the surrounding vegetables. Methods Accumulation and distribution characteristics of six metals in the vegetables around a typical coal-fired power plant were investigated and the human risks were assessed using health risk assessment model. Results In the ten kinds of vegetables,the standard-exceeding rates of Cu were17. 4%,14. 3% and 14. 3% in leaf, leguminous and solanaceous fruit vegetables,respectively. In leaf vegetables,the standard-exceeding rates of Hg and Cr were 21. 7%,17. 4%,respectively. Heavy metals in the other vegetables were below the food safety standards of China. The non-carcinogenic risk value from exposure to vegetable Cu was 1. 09 for children,but those from other five metals were less than 1. 0 for both adults and children. However,the health risk levels of multiclass metals in the vegetables were 2. 18 and 3. 00,for adults and children,respectively. Conclusion Around the coal-fired power plant,the metal levels in the vegetables were relatively lower,indicating there was no serious vegetable pollution from the power plant. There are on no obvious health hazards from exposure to vegetable metals,excluding Cu. But the risk of multiclass metals in the vegetables should be of great concern.

关 键 词：燃煤电厂 蔬菜 重金属 环境污染 人体健康风险 

分 类 号：R155.51[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R994.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]