利用菠萝蛋白酶提取对虾虾壳蛋白质和钙的工艺研究  

Technical Study on Extraction of Protein and Calcium from Prawn Shell with Bromelain

作　　者：王大巾[1] 何露[1] 祁鹏飞[1] 程丽军 屠逸飞 叶婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期304-308,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31302220);浙江省分析测试科技计划项目(2015C37031);浙江理工大学优秀博士启动金(13042164-Y);浙江省高校生物学重中之重学科(2012A11-C)

摘　　要：为开发对虾虾壳资源,利用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解虾壳,提取蛋白质和钙。在对水解酶的选定和条件优化实验中发现,菠萝蛋白酶为最佳水解酶,其最适水解工艺为：反应温度55℃,底物量10g/100mL,菠萝蛋白酶0.65g/100mL,先使pH为7.5,反应时间6h,后调整pH为5.5,搅拌10min。在此工艺条件下,酶解液中钙提取率为39.14%,占对虾虾壳总量的12.33%;蛋白质提取量为0.055g,占对虾虾壳总量的0.55%。菠萝蛋白酶水解体系的酸性pH,对游离钙的形成非常有利;同时在蛋白水解方面,菠萝蛋白酶作用于疏水性氨基酸残基的C-末端,这为进一步制备生物有机钙类奠定研究基础。该研究在海洋虾贝类的资源利用具有一定的实用意义和参考价值。To fully exploit the prawn shell resources,prawn shells were hydrolyzed to extract calcium and proteins from prawn shell by using neutral protease,alkaline protease,bromelain and papain.In the selection and condition optimization experiments of the hydrolytic enzymes,the bromelain was the best hydrolase.The optimum hydrolysis conditions are as follows：the reaction temperature is 55℃;the amount of substrate is 10g/100mL;the amount of bromelain is 0.65g/100mL;the pH value is set to be7.5at first,and the reaction time is 6hours;after that,adjust the pH value to 5.5and stir for 10 min.Under this technological condition,the calcium extraction ratio from enzymatic hydrolysate is 39.14%,accounting for 12.33% of the total prawn shells.And the protein extraction quantity is 0.055 g,accounting for 0.55% of the total prawn shells.The optimal pH value is acid for bromelain hydrolysis of prawn shells,because it is favorable to the formation of free calcium and it hydrolysis the nonpolar amino acid residues at the C-terminus of proteins.Therefore,this is the basis for the further preparation of biological organic calcium.This study has certain practical significance and reference value for the utilization of marine shrimp and shellfish.

关 键 词：虾壳 蛋白质 钙 菠萝蛋白酶 

分 类 号：S985.21[农业科学—捕捞与储运]