酶法合成RNA的相关技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Enzymatic Synthesis of RNA

作　　者：王静[1] 潘孝明[1] 刘宇[1] 梁兴国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2016年第3期44-51,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31201327;31301420)

摘　　要：近些年来RNA相关研究发展迅速,从质和量两方面对RNA合成技术提出了更高的要求。RNA合成方法包括化学合成和酶法合成两种。目前已商业化的RNA化学合成法能够实现长度小于90个碱基的RNA合成,但合成费用相对较高,使许多研究难以展开。相对于化学合成,酶法合成具有效率高、条件温和的特性,能够合成长序列,是一种高效、低耗的RNA合成方案。酶法合成的技术流程包括转录和加工两步,其中转录的模型主要分为线性转录和滚环转录两种,不同的模型产生的初始转录产物特性不同,需要采用相应的加工方式对其进行处理才能获得准确的目的 RNA产物。近年来研究者们不断地研究探索RNA的酶法合成,发现并构建了多种转录模型和初始转录物的加工方案,将从酶法合成RNA的转录模型和加工技术的原理、特点和问题等方面进行概述,以期为后续酶法合成RNA的进一步研究和选择性应用提供参考。With the rapid development of RNA related studies,RNA synthesis technology is further challenged from two aspects of quality and quantity. At present there are mainly two methods for RNA synthesis,chemical synthesis and enzymatic synthesis. By the commercialized chemical way,the synthesis of RNA with 90 bases is achieved;however,the cost of the synthesis is relatively high,which leads the initiation of many researches in difficulty. Compared to the chemical way,the enzymatic synthesis presents the characteristics of the high efficiency and mild reaction conditions,and by it a long sequence of RNA can be synthesized,thus,it is an efficient and lowcost measure for RNA synthesis. The enzymatic production of RNA is in two steps,transcription and processing of initial transcripts. The transcription may be further classified into the linear transcription and the rolling circle transcription model,with which the characteristics of initial transcripts vary,and the corresponding processing methods should adapted to the varied initial transcripts,thereby,the accurate target RNA products may be obtained. Recently,as the exploration of enzymatic synthesis continues,many novel transcription and processing strategies have been developed. In this review,the mechanisms,characteristics and problems of the transcription models and processing methods in enzymatic synthesis were summarized,aiming at providing the references for further study and selective utilization of enzymatic synthesis of RNA.

关 键 词：RNA 酶法合成 线性转录 滚环转录 特异位点剪切 

分 类 号：Q522[生物学—生物化学]