配对刺激的结构对相似性判断非对称性的影响  

The Influence of Structures of Paired Stimulus on the Asymmetry of Similarity Judgments

作　　者：梁渊[1] 王墨耘[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《心理学探新》2016年第2期128-133,共6页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(30170901)

摘　　要：笔者考察一个被先前相似性研究忽略的问题:配对刺激的结构对有方向相似性判断的非对称性的可能影响。实验被试是大学生。实验自变量是人工概念配对的特征结构,有三种实验条件:对齐且对称结构、非对齐且对称结构和非对齐且不对称结构。结果发现,在对齐且对称结构条件和非对齐且对称结构条件下没有出现相似性判断的非对称现象,在非对齐且不对称结构条件下出现相似性判断的非对称现象。相似性判断是否出现非对称性取决于配对刺激的结构是否非对称,而不受配对刺激的结构是否对齐的影响。这支持相似性判断的特征对比模型在α<β时的预测,而不支持Tversky原初主张α>β时特征对比模型的预测,也不支持量子相似性模型的预测。An experiment on college students examined the possible influence of feature structures of paired stimuli on the similarity asymmetry. The independence variable consisted of the three conditions of feature structures of paired stimuli： aligned and symmetrical structures, nonaligned and symmetrical structures, nonaligned and asymmetrical structures. It is found that similarity asymmetry occurs only in the condition of nonaligned and asymmetrical structures. It is symmetry/asymmetry rather than alignment/nonalignment of feature structures of paired stimuli that determines whether similarity asymmetry occur in directional similarity judgment. The results sup- port the prediction given α〈β rather than the prediction given ct α〉β by the feature contrast model. The results disfavor the prediction by the quantum similarity model.

关 键 词：相似性 非对称性 特征结构 对称 对齐 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]