第二语言水平对双语者语言抑制能力的影响——来自英语–汉语单通道双语者和英语–美国手语双通道双语者的证据  

Impact of bilingual experiences on language inhibition ability: Evidence from English-Chinese unimodal and English-American sign language bimodal bilinguals

作　　者：李恒[1,2] 曹宇[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学语言科学学院,徐州221009 [2]英国伯明翰大学英语及应用语言学系 [3]大连理工大学外语学院,大连116024 [4]北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第4期343-351,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(江苏师范大学中国语言文学);国家973计划课题(2014CB340502)

摘　　要：采用同形异义词干扰任务考察第二语言水平对英语–汉语单通道双语者和英语–美国手语双通道双语者语言抑制能力的影响。结果发现:(1)高水平英语–汉语单通道双语者的语言抑制能力较强,但低水平英语–汉语单通道双语者与英语单语者的语言抑制能力没有显著差异,说明少量的双语经验不足以导致双语认知优势;(2)不同水平的英语–美国手语双通道双语者的语言抑制能力差异不显著。所以如此,与英语–美国手语双通道双语者不存在口语和手语的双语表征加工竞争有关。整个研究表明,双语认知优势效应与双语者的二语水平以及通道经验有关。It has been estimated that more than half of the world＇s population is bilingual. In the past few decades,numerous studies have shown that bilinguals have an advantage in selecting relevant information, inhibiting competing and distracting information than monolinguals（e.g., Bialystok, Craik, Klein, Viswanathan, 2004;Costa, Hernández, Sebastián-Gallés., 2008, to name just a few）. Recent research has instead shown a more nuanced story： bilinguals and monolinguals perform equally in either the Stroop or flanker task（Paap Greenberg, 2013; Sawi Paap, 2013）. To date, it is still hard to confirm that bilinguals have an advantage in language inhibition. While the vast majority of bilingual research has exclusively focused on the study of spoken language users – ‘unimodal＇ bilinguals, bimodal bilinguals have received scant attention. ‘Bimodal＇ bilinguals,who have acquired a spoken and a signed language, can provide a unique testbed for the bilingual advantage effect. In addition, few studies have looked at whether different second language proficiencies contribute to the same language inhibitory ability in unimodal and bimodal bilinguals. Therefore, the current study examined language inhibition ability in unimodal（English-Chinese） and bimodal（English-American Sign Language）bilinguals with both low and high L2 proficiency.In Experiment 1 and 2, a homograph interference task was used to investigate bilingual advantage in conflict resolution during sentence processing. Participants were asked to read a sentence ending with a homograph（e.g., He walked along the bank.） and then judge if a target word（e.g., RIVER or MONEY） matched the meaning of the sentence they just read. Although the target word（e.g., MONEY） is semantically related to one meaning of the homograph（bank： a financial institution）, it is not the meaning supported by the sentence context（e.g., He walked along） and, consequently, this alternative meaning must be suppressed in order to correctly respond ＂no

关 键 词：双语者 语言抑制 第二语言水平 认知优势效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]