基于浮动车数据分析交通状态对轻型车排放的影响  

Evaluating the Effects of Traffic States on Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions in Urban Area Based on Floating Car Data

作　　者：陈泳钊[1,2] 刘永红[1,2] 林晓芳[1,2] 黄建彰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学工学院,广东广州510275 [2]广东省交通环境智能监测与治理工程技术研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第4期494-502,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51108471);佛山市环境保护局委托项目(GDJAFS2014021D);广东省科技计划项目(2015B010110005)

摘　　要：为探讨交通状态对道路轻型车运行工况和尾气排放的影响,收集广州市珠江新城路网中出租车、轻型货车的浮动车数据并计算轻型车的运行工况参数,结合MOVES模型（Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator）和交通流量数据仿真计算轻型车的尾气排放量,分析畅通、拥堵、严重拥堵3种交通状态下轻型车的运行工况、排放速率、尾气排放量的变化与差异.结果表明：在相同道路类型、不同交通状态下,轻型车的运行工况差异较大,其中拥堵和严重拥堵状态下运行模式分布主要集中于怠速、低速运行模式;在相同交通状态下,主干路的运行工况优于次干路,其怠速运行模式所占比例较次干路低15%～20%;畅通状态下,主、次干路轻型车HC、NOx、CO平均单车排放速率分别为2.00、1.87,2.57、2.47,42.59、37.51 mg/s,分别约为拥堵状态下的1.17、1.27、1.35倍,约为严重拥堵状态下的1.30、1.39、1.70倍,而主、次干路PM2.5平均单车排放速率在3种交通状态下均接近,范围在0.050～0.056 mg/s之间;轻型车在严重拥堵状态下单位时间的污染物排放量最高,是畅通状态下的2.22～3.87倍.研究显示,交通状态是影响轻型车动态排放速率及道路总排放的重要因素.In order to investigate the effects of traffic states on light-duty vehicle operating conditions and emissions,floating car data of taxies and light-duty trucks on the road network of Zhujiang New Town were applied to gain the operating mode distribution,which was then combined with the MOVES model and traffic volume to calculate the on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles. The characteristic of the operating mode distribution,emission rates and on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles in free-flow,congested and severe congested states were analyzed. The results showed that,for the same road type,the operating mode distributions in different traffic states were quite different,and the operating mode distributions in both the congested state and the severe congested state were mostly distributed in idling mode and low speed mode. For the same traffic state,the operating mode distributions were better on arterial roads than on minor roads,as the proportion of idling mode in arterial roads was 15%-20% lower than that in minor roads. The average emission rates of HC,NOx,CO of a single vehicle on the arterial and minor roads were 2. 00 /1. 87,2. 57 /2. 47 and 42. 59 /37. 51 mg/s respectively in free-flow condition. These values were approximately 1. 17,1. 27 and 1. 35 times greater than those in congested condition and approximately 1. 30,1. 39 and 1. 70 times greater than those in seriously congested state. However,average emission rates of PM2.5were almost the same among different traffic states,ranging from 0. 050-0. 056 mg/s.The emissions per unit time were highest in severely congested condition, which were 2. 22-3. 87 times those in free-flow condition. The comprehensive results indicated that the traffic states have significant effects on emission rates of light-duty vehicle and on-road emission.

关 键 词：交通状态 道路排放 轻型车 浮动车数据 运行模式分布 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]