干热河谷牛角瓜苗期光合生理特性的种源间差异  

Photosynthetic and physiological characteristics for seedlings of Calotropis gigantea provenances in a hot-dry valley

作　　者：郑元[1] 唐军荣[1] 王连春[1] 高柱[2] 刘鹏[1] 柳国元 张时豪 罗明灿[1] 马焕成[1] 刘惠民[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [2]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2016年第3期440-448,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304810);西南林业大学林学学位授权学科经费支持项目(5009705101-1)

摘　　要：为了解干热河谷不同种源牛角瓜Calotropis gigantea苗期的光合生理特性,比较分析了牛角瓜幼苗净光合速率(P_n),气孔导度(G_s),胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数(C_i),蒸腾速率(T_r),水分利用效率(W_(UE)),光能利用效率(L_(UE)),瞬时羧化效率(C_E)和气孔限制值(l_s)在元江、红河、个旧、建水、元阳等种源间的日变化动态与日均值差异。牛角瓜5个种源的P_n日变化动态均呈双峰曲线,但在不同时刻的数值存在种源间差异。牛角瓜对高温具有极强的适应性,它通过增加气孔导度和蒸腾作用来提高光合同化效率。干热河谷的极端高温不是影响牛角瓜幼苗光合作用与羧化反应的限制因素,而正午的强光辐射显著抑制了牛角瓜幼苗的光合作用与水分利用。干热河谷牛角瓜不同种源间的光合生理参数日均值具有显著差异(P<0.05),红河种源的P_n,T_r,L_(UE)和C_E显著高于其他4个种源(P<0.05),个旧种源表现出"高光合、低蒸腾"的显著特点,具有最高的W_(UE)和较高的P_n,L_(UE)和C_E,因此筛选出红河、个旧为具有高水平光合生产与水分利用潜力的干热河谷牛角瓜种质资源。To understand the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of the seedling stage for different provenances of Calotropis gigantea in a hot-dry valley area, changes in daily mean values for net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, transpiration rate （T r）, water use efficiency （WUE）, light use efficiency （LUE）, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, and stomatal limitation （Is） of C. gigantea seedlings from Yuanjiang, Honghe, Gejiu, Jianshui, and Yuanyang provenances were compared and analyzed using multiple comparison analysis of Duncan＇s test. Results of diurnal dynamics for the net photosyn- thetic rates from all provenances showed bimodal curves, but there were different times associated with the values. C. gigantea has strong adaptability to high temperature, which can improve the photosynthetic assimilation efficiency by increasing the stomatal conductance and transpiration. The extreme high temperature in hot-dry valleys is not the limiting factor to influence photosynthesis and carboxylation reaction of C. gigantea seedlings, however, the high light radiation at midday significantly inhibits their photosynthesis and water utilization. The daily mean values for photosynthetic and physiological parameters showed that Honghe provenance had a significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, light use efficiency, and carboxyla-tion efficiency than the other four provenances. Also, Gejiu provenance had a highest （P 〈 0.05） water use efficiency and a high-level net photosynthetic rate, light use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency. Consequently, Honghe and Gejiu provenances are considered superior for planting in hot-dry valleys having high-level photosynthetic production and water utilization potential. [ Ch, 3 fig. 1 tab. 43 ref.]

关 键 词：林木育种学 牛角瓜 种源 光合生理 水分利用 干热河谷 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]