城乡居民食物氮足迹估算及其动态分析--以北京市为例  

Calculation and dynamic analysis of the food nitrogen footprints of urban and rural residents in Beijing

作　　者：冼超凡 欧阳志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第8期2413-2421,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030744,G031202)

摘　　要：氮足迹作为一种评价氮排放影响的新兴测度方法,已被用来衡量人类活动造成的环境影响。食物消费是城市营养元素流动的重要环节,其产生的氮足迹反映了维持一个城市人口的基本食物需求所导致的活性氮排放以及对周边环境的影响。以北京市为例,基于N-Calculator模型的基础上,估算了1980—2012年居民食物氮足迹,分析其变化特点及其与经济社会因素之间的关系。结果表明:北京市居民人均食物氮足迹变化与食物消费量变化趋势相似,城镇居民氮足迹呈持续增长后渐趋平稳,在14.69—22.58 kg(N)/a之间波动,平均为17.78 kg(N)/a,接近发达国家水平;农村居民氮足迹呈小幅减少趋势,在10.81—15.28kg(N)/a之间波动,平均为12.72 kg(N)/a。其中,高氮含量食物在城乡居民人均食物氮足迹中所占比例都有所增加,以肉类为主的荤食比例分别由27%和10%上升至41%和31%;以奶类为主的副食比例由7%和1%上升至18%和13%。城镇居民食物氮足迹与人均可支配收入呈正相关,与恩格尔系数和平均家庭人口数呈负相关,而农村居民食物氮足迹与各因子的相关关系则与前者相反。此外,北京市食物氮足迹总体呈增长趋势,年均增加约8066 t(N)/a。城镇居民当前的饮食消费模式不利于减缓北京区域食物氮足迹高通量的剧增趋势,更多的农村及外来人口进入城镇将加速区域氮足迹增长。食物氮足迹的估算能为居民改变高氮消费模式提供参考,进而促进城市的低氮发展。The impact of nitrogen emission was assessed using ＇nitrogen footprints＇ to determine the effect of human activities on the environment. With rapid urbanization in China, city residents are playing increasingly important roles in the alteration of nutrient flow. Food consumption, as an important process of urban nutrient metabolism, is an important driver of environmental pollution in cities. The food nitrogen footprints of residents reflect reactive nitrogen emissions impacting the surroundings to feed the whole population of a city. Taking Beijing city as a case study, the food nitrogen footprints of residents from 1980--2012 were calculated based on the N-Calculator model. Meanwhile, the characteristic trends and associated economic and social factors were analyzed. The results showed of Beijing residents were consistent with changes of food consumption that changes of food nitrogen footprints per capita per capita. The food nitrogen footprints of urban residents increased from 1980 to 2002 and then remained between 14.69--22.58 kg （N） per capita per year. The average nitrogen footprint during the study period was 17.78 kg （N） per capita per year, which was similar to the nitrogen footprint of residents in developed countries. The food nitrogen footprints of rural residents, decreased slightly from 1982 to 2012, and then remained between 10.81--15.28 kg （N） per capita per year with 12.72 kg （N） per capita per year as the average. Meanwhile, the proportions of food with high nitrogen contents increased in the food nitrogen footprints of both urban and rural residents. Food with high animal meat contents increased from 27%--41% and 10%--31%, for urban and rural residents, respectively. Subsidiary food with high dairy contents also increased from 7%--18% and 1%--13% for urban and rural residents, respectively. The food nitrogen footprint of urban residents was positively correlated with per capita disposable income. Meanwhile, there were negative correlations between Engel＇s coefficient, th

关 键 词：城乡居民 食物消费 氮足迹 氮计算模型 北京市 

分 类 号：F126.1[经济管理—世界经济] X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]