环境镉暴露人群机体镉负荷与肾损伤效应的3年追踪研究  被引量:7

Cadmium burden and renal dysfunction among residents in cadmium-polluted areas: A 3-year follow-up study

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作  者:李志学[1,3] 王萍[2] 黄芮[2] 梁旭霞 顿中军[2] 蒋琦[2] 黄琼[2] 凌海团 王晶 谭剑斌 吴仕漩 陈子慧[1] 高燕红 吕颖坚 吴永宁[6] 杨杏芬 

机构地区:[1]暨南大学医学院,广州510632 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院 [3]国家食品安全风险监测参比实验室 [4]南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 [5]中山大学公共卫生学院 [6]国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室

出  处:《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第4期322-327,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基  金:国家自然科学基金(81273102);卫生公益性行业科研专项(201302005);广东省自然科学基金(S2011010004984)

摘  要:目的 观察和分析环境镉污染区人群机体镉负荷及肾损伤的动态变化。方法 于2011年4至7月在我国广东省粤北地区选择某镉污染区作为调查地区。依据土壤和大米中镉污染水平将调查地区分为低、高暴露组。其中,大米镉均值在0.15~0.40 mg/kg且土壤镉均值0.5~1.0 mg/kg为低镉暴露组;大米镉均值〉0.40 mg/kg且土壤镉均值〉1.0 mg/kg为高镉暴露组。以分层随机抽样与整群抽样结合的方法抽取在当地居住15年以上、年龄〉40周岁、无职业镉暴露的人群作为调查对象,共计414名,其中低暴露组168名,高暴露组246名。又于2014年3至6月,对上述调查对象进行追踪随访,共随访到305名,其中低暴露组116名、高暴露组189名。通过个人健康问卷了解调查对象的健康状况,采用四分法入户采集调查对象自产的大米、蔬菜,测定其镉含量,其中,2011年采集大米、蔬菜分别为190份、161份,2014年分别为190份、153份;收集调查对象晨尿样本,测定尿镉及肾损伤标志物N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖甘酶(NAG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和尿肌酐含量。采用χ2检验比较2011与2014年大米和蔬菜中的镉含量超标率差异及调查对象尿镉、NAG、β2-MG异常率的差异,并以OR (95%CI)值表示相对危险度。结果 随访时大米镉含量P50(P25~P75)为0.42(0.20~1.14) mg/kg, 2011年为0.43(0.17~1.10) mg/kg (Z=-0.77,P=0.440)。随访时蔬菜镉含量P50(P25~P75)为0.25(0.12~0.59) mg/kg,高于2011年[0.13(0.07~0.34) mg/kg](Z=-4.69,P〈0.001);超标率为60.8%(93/153),亦高于2011年[38.5% (62/161)](χ2=15.58,P〈0.001)。随访时高暴露组调查对象尿镉含量P50(P25~P75)为8.64(4.56~17.60) μg/g肌酐,高于2011年[7.90(3.96~14.91) μg/g肌酐](Z=-2.80,P=0.005)。随访时调查对象尿β2-MG含量P50 (P25~P75)为0.15(0.07~0.45) μg/g肌酐,2011年为0.15(0.07~0.29)Objective To investigate dynamic change of cadmium body burden and renal dysfunction among residents living in cadmium-polluted areas.Methods From April to July of 2011, the cadmium-polluted areas of northern Guangdong province in China was chosen as the study site. Based on the levels of cadmium pollution in soil and rice, the survey areas were divided into low exposed group (average concentration of cadmium was 0.15-0.40 mg/kg, 0.5-1.0 mg/kg in rice and soil, respectively) and high exposed group (average concentration of cadmium was 〉0.40 mg/kg, 〉1.0 mg/kg in rice and soil, respectively). Stratified random sampling and cluster sampling method of epidemiological investigations were carried out among 414 local residents who lived in cadmium exposure areas for more than 15 years, aged above 40, and without occupational cadmium exposure, including 168 and 246 residents in low and high exposed group, respectively. From March to June of 2014, 305 respondents of those who participated in 2011 were successfully traced, including 116 and 189 respondents in low and high exposed group, respectively. We used health questionnaires to acquire their health status. Home-harvested rice and vegetable samples were collected using quartering method for detection of cadmium level, including 190 rice samples, 161 vegetable samples in 2011 and 190 rice samples, 153 vegetable samples in 2014. Urine specimens of residents were collected for the detection of urinary cadmium and creatinine as well as renal dysfunction biomarkers, namely, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamidase (NAG) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), respectively. In 2011 and 2014, Chi-square test was used to investigate the differences of abnormality of cadmium concentration in rice, vegetables and urinary cadmium, β2-MG, and NAG that were expressed as odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).Results In 2011 and 2014, cadmium concentration P50 (P25-P75) in rice was 0.43 (0.17-1.10) mg/kg, and 0.42 (0.20-1.14) mg/kg, respectively �

关 键 词: 环境暴露 肾机能不全 追踪 

分 类 号:R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]

 

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