城市热岛效应的多尺度变化特征及其周期分析——以北京市为例  

Multi-scale temporal characteristics and periodic analysis of urban heat island——a case study of Beijing

作　　者：葛荣凤 张力小[1] 王京丽[2] 田光进[1] 冯悦怡[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院北京师范大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期210-215,共6页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAC13B01);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(51421065)

摘　　要：以北京市为例,利用5个气象站点36年(1978—2013年)的气象数据,分析了特大城市热岛效应的年、季、周、时等不同时间尺度的变化特征,并借助小波变换方法分析了其周期性变化规律.结果表明:1)随着城市化进程的发展,北京城市热岛强度总体上呈现持续增长趋势,年增速为0.24℃·(10a)-1.2)研究期内北京市热岛效应存在多尺度的时序变化特征:冬季最强、夏季最弱、夜间最强、白天较弱且存在典型的逆周末效应.3)小波分析表明,北京市热岛强度在年际尺度上存在4个显著变化周期,21a具有全域性,为主周期;在日变化尺度上同样存在4个显著变化周期,其中120d周期震荡最强,为主周期.Meteorological data of Beijing from 1978 to 2013were used to investigate the characteristics of inter-annual,seasonal,weekly and fixed hourly variations of urban heat island（UHI）effect.Periodic variation was probed by wavelet analysis.Inter-annual mean urban heat island intensity（UHII）presented an overall increasing trend at a rate of 0.24℃·（10a）^-1 in Beijing from 1978 to 2013,due to acceleration of urban construction and urbanization.Seasonal UHII also changed significantly,being strongest in winter,weakest in summer.UHII varied at different times of the day,being the lowest at daytime and highest at nighttime.There is evident for a reverse＂weekend effect＂,which signified that UHII was higher on weekend than during weekday.Wavelet analysis revealed four periods of inter-annual UHII,in which the 21 years was widely distributed throughout the study period.Similarly,the average daily UHII also showed four periods,of which120 days had the strongest periodic swings and became the main period.

关 键 词：城市化 热岛强度 多尺度 Morlet小波变换 北京 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]