汉语听写困难儿童一般视觉整体和部分加工特点  

Global-Local Processing of Visual Informations in Chinese Children with Dictation Difficulties

作　　者：谭雅倩[1] 刘翔平[1] 齐婷婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [2]北京市第二实验小学朝阳学校,北京100000

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2016年第2期200-203,297,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目(14 ZDB157)

摘　　要：目的:研究汉语听写困难儿童在处理一般图形时视觉的整体和部分加工特点。方法:从三、四、五年级的儿童中,筛选出听写困难儿童22名,同时选择年龄、智力水平相当的对照组儿童24名。实验1采用形状变化探测任务,以由小图形构成的大图形为视觉材料(所有大、小图形均为三角形、圆形、方形或菱形四种形状),要求被试在大图形发生整体变化、部分变化两种条件下作出判断,记录正确率和反应时;实验2采用整体部分同时加工任务,以与实验1类似的视觉材料作为刺激(区别在于所有大图形由与之形状不同的一种小图形构成),要求被试判断大、小图形中是否包含圆形和三角形,记录被试在整体判断和部分判断两种条件下的正确率和反应时。结果:在实验1中,整体变化条件下,听写困难组的正确率和反应时均落后于对照组儿童,部分变化条件下两组被试的差异不具有统计学意义;在实验2中,整体判断条件下,听写困难组的正确率和反应时显著低于对照组,部分判断条件下,两组被试的差异无统计学意义。结论:听写困难儿童在一般视觉材料的处理中表现出整体加工落后、部分加工良好的特点,这与听写困难儿童在汉字学习过程中倾向于一笔一划地书写、无法写出完整字形的表现相符合。Objective： To study characteristics of global and local processing of visual information in children with Chi-nese dictation difficulties. Methods： 22 children with dictation difficulties were selected from a primary school, and 24 healthy controls were recruited with matched age and intelligence. In experiment 1, change detection paradigm was ap-plied. Big shapes composed of small shapes were used as visual stimuli（all of the big and small shapes were triangle, round,square and diamond）. Participants were instructed to judge if the big shapes were globally or locally changed. In experiment2, global and local processing feature paradigm was applied. Visual stimuli were similar to the experiment 1（difference wasthat all the big shapes and their composing small shapes were of shapes）. Participants were instructed to judge if the stimu-lus has a round and triangle shape. Accuracy and reaction time were recorded. Results： In experiment 1, under globally-changed condition, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly poorer than normalchildren. In experiment 2, accuracy and reaction time in children with dictation difficulties were significantly lower thannormal children under globally-judged condition. Conclusion： Children with dictation difficulties domonstrate impairedability in global processing of visual informations, but remains intact in local processing. This result concords with the phe-nomenon that children with dictation difficulties always write by stokes but hardly compose a whole character.

关 键 词：听写困难 汉语 整体和部分加工 视觉 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]