2013年～2015年广州地区智力低下患儿病残儿鉴定情况的回顾性分析  

Retrospective analysis of mental retardation children identification in Guangzhou from 2013 to 2015

作　　者：陈桂兰 周艺 屈艳霞 杨烨 左连东 唐盈 江帆 

机构地区：[1]广州市人口和计划生育科学技术研究所,广州510410

出　　处：《中国优生与遗传杂志》2016年第4期145-147,共3页Chinese Journal of Birth Health & Heredity

基　　金：广东省计生委基金(20132022)

摘　　要：目的分析我市病残儿鉴定中智力低下儿童的智力测试结果和可能病因,为其父母再生育提供优生优育指导。方法参加病残儿鉴定的儿童需进行智力测试,并提供其他临床资料（病史、症状和体征、实验室检查等）;调查其父母的职业接触、母亲妊娠年龄、围生史、围产史、家族史等。结果 1参加鉴定的智力低下儿童243例（轻度智力低下91例（37.45%）,中度智力低下55例（22.63%）,重度智力低下70例（28.81%）,极重度智力低下27例（11.11%）,占所有参加病残儿鉴定的比例为21.45%;2申请鉴定的智力低下患儿母亲年龄构成比最高的是25岁~30岁组;申请鉴定的智力低下患儿的父、母亲职业前三位为自由职业、农民、职员;3患儿母亲中产检异常比例为7.82%,孕期合并疾病比例为3.70%,孕期曾使用药物比例为8.23%;4243患儿中早产13例,有缺氧/窒息病18例,有感染史9例。常见合并的疾病是运动发育迟滞、染色体异常、脑瘫、癫痫、儿童孤独症等。结论智力低下是广州市儿童的最常见致残原因,对智力低下患儿家庭进行优生咨询和再生育指导很有必要。Objective：To analysis the intelligence test results and possible etiological factors of Mental Retardation（MR）children in Guangzhou,then to provide prenatal and postnatal care guidance for their parents. Methods：These MR children needed to participate in the intelligence tests and provided other clinical data（history,symptoms and signs,laboratory examination,etc.）;their parents needed to provide these occupational,the mother gestational age,perinatal history and birth history,family history. Results：1Children who participated in the identification of mental retardation accounted for 21.4% of all identified children;including 91 cases mild mental retardation（37.45%）,55 cases moderate mental retardation（22.63%）,70 cases severe mental retardation（28.81%）,27 cases severe mental retardation（11.11%）;2 Proportion of 25-30 years old mothers with MR children was highest;The first three occupation of the parents was irregular employment,farmers,office workers;3The proportion of mothers with abnormal middle test was 7.82%,The proportion of mothers with pregnancy complicating diseases was 3.70%,The proportion of mothers who used of drugs during pregnancywas 8.23%;4 13 cases were premature children,18 cases with hypoxia / asphyxia disease,9 cases with infection history. MR always merged with retardation of movement,Chromosome abnormality,Cerebral palsy,Epilepsy,Children′s autism and so on. Conclusion：MR is the most common cause of disability in children of Guangzhou,and it is necessary to carry out the guidance of the family of children with mental retardation.

关 键 词：智力低下 病残儿鉴定 染色体异常 病因 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]