对生命和人生的一种系统性安顿——从身体人类学和生命主体论的视角看“孝道”  

A Study on Filial Piety from the Perspectives of the Body Anthropology and the Concept of Life-Subject

作　　者：张灵[1] 魏昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京100088

出　　处：《湖北工程学院学报》2016年第2期5-11,共7页Journal of Hubei Engineering University

摘　　要：孝文化或"孝道"是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。古有云:百善孝为先。"孝道"在传统社会当中的重要意义不言而喻。"孝道"是中国传统文化的核心和精髓,是维系传统社会关系、家庭关系的纽带和基础。作为一种伦理价值安排,"孝道"充满着丰富深刻的现实性、超越性和先贤生命安排的智慧,它聚焦物质的奉养,但又超越物质的奉养。"孝道"在今天看来,也充满了"身体人类学"和"生命主体论"的精神内涵,内蕴着对交往主体的双向关怀。虽然在命名和践行的策略上它强调了"长上",但它深层指向的是意义普遍的"仁道"、"人道",在它的"潜台词"里有着对"长上"的更严格、崇高的要求与期待。它把每个个体的生命安置在了一个与时推移而不断上升,受到的尊重也不断增加的理解、想象与规划上,显示了中华文化的大智大慧、大爱大勇和崇高境界与追求。这也是中国文化"崇古""尚古"的一个原因所在。"孝道"可以说是作为中华文化主流的儒家文化的一种具有理性、现实、明朗特性而又有超越精神的准"宗教",因为它是对生命和人生的一种全面的,立足现实又超越现实、现世的有意义的安顿。Filial piety is the most important part of the Chinese culture.There is an old saying that filial piety is of the greatest significance of all the virtues.It is well known that filial piety has played an important role in the traditional society.Filial piety is the core and essence of the Chinese traditional culture and turns out to be the link and support that has maintained the traditional social and family relationship.As an ethical value,filial piety includes profound reality,transcendence and the sages＇ wisdom.It focuses on the supporting and waiting upon one＇s parents in material,but it is not restricted to material.Nowadays filial piety includes the spiritual connotations of the body anthropology and the concept of life-subject,which means the two-way cares for the communicative subjects.Although filial piety emphasizes the consciousness of the elders in some aspects,as what its name implies,it always aims at the universal humanity.If one understands the meaning implied in the concept of filial piety,he will find that it has strict demands and lofty expectation for the elders.Filial piety can be viewed as a quasi＂religion＂existing in the mainstream of the Chinese culture or Confucian culture which has many features,including rationality,reality,open and forthright characteristics and transcendent spirit,etc.since filial piety has the wide,realistic and significant understanding of life.

关 键 词：孝道 身体人类学 生命主体论 仁学 人道 奉养 终极关怀 崇古 

分 类 号：B82-054.9[哲学宗教—伦理学]