基于炉渣分析的古代炒钢技术判定问题  

The Decision Problem of the Stir Frying Steel Technology in Ancient Times that Based on the Analysis of Slag

作　　者：陈建立[1] 张周瑜 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心

出　　处：《南方文物》2016年第1期115-121,共7页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51074010);国家文物局"文物保护科技优秀青年研究计划(No.2014226)"的资助

摘　　要：炒钢是利用生铁在半熔融状态下氧化脱碳制钢的一种方法,是中国古代钢铁技术的十分重要的发明创造。以往学者已鉴定出不少炒钢制品,并初步总结出中国古代炒钢制品的判定标准,即通过钢铁制品中非金属夹杂物的成分和物相类型来区分炒钢与其它制铁技术产品。但该判定标准主要基于前人的判断结果及简单的理论推断,从而对古代炒钢制品的判定原理、炉渣的判定标准等方面仍有较多不明之处。笔者在以往研究的基础上,分析了山东章丘东平陵冶铁遗址的高炉炼铁炉渣及积铁块样品,判断出东平陵冶铁遗址可能存在炒钢冶炼技术,探讨了块炼铁、生铁、炒钢冶炼过程中主要的物理化学变化,初步解释了不同冶炼过程炉渣的形成原理,并对中国古代炒钢制品的判定标准作出补充。Puddling steel technology was one of the most important ancient Chinese steel making methods, which was invented during Han dynasty. Chinese scholars have analyzed a lot of ancient steel products, a preliminary criteria that to distinguish puddling steel, carburized bloomery steel and decarburized steel making from cast iron, mainly based on non-metallic slag inclusions ＇ components and phase types,was summarized. However, this criteria is mainly based on the results of the previous judgment and lake of theoretical analysis.This paper analyzed a number of iron, slag, and salamander samples collected from Dongpingling iron making site of Shandong province. The formation mechanism of ghost structure and phosphorus eutectic,phosphorus ＇ transfer mechanism during smelting process, were conducted more in-depth analysis, for the purpose to discuss the physical and chemical changes of bloomery iron smelting, cast iron smelting, and puddling steel making process. It will give a better understanding of puddling steel making method.

关 键 词：炒钢 炉渣 磷酸钙 判定标准 

分 类 号：K876.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]