对垄断行业高收入合理性问题的再讨论——基于企业-职工匹配数据的分析  

Re-discussion on the Rationality of High Income of Monopoly Industries:Evidence from the Employer-Employee Matched Data

作　　者：聂海峰[1] 岳希明[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院 [2]中国人民大学财政金融学院

出　　处：《财贸经济》2016年第5期22-36,共15页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：教育部青年基金"基于投入产出模型的间接税转嫁和影响机制研究"(11YJC790137);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"转型时期中国的行业垄断与居民收入分配研究"(12JZD030);自然科学基金项目"寻求缩小我国居民收入差距的最有效手段"(71473257)

摘　　要：收入不公是公众对我国收入不平等不满的最重要原因,而垄断行业高收入是当下诸多收入不公正现象的典型。客观地讲,并非所有垄断行业高收入都是不合理的,因从业人员的受教育程度差异产生的教育回报差异在一定范围内是合理的。需要在考虑职工教育、工龄等因素的基础之上测量和分析垄断行业的高收入问题。本文通过分解的方法,在收入平均水平与收入分布上,将垄断行业与竞争行业之间的工资差距分解为合理和不合理两部分。结果发现,在平均水平上,垄断企业与竞争企业之间平均工资之差的近1/2均为不合理的,系垄断所致。从不同收入水平看,随着收入分位数的提高,垄断行业和竞争行业的收入差距逐渐增大。在10%、50%和90%三个分位点上,垄断行业收入比竞争行业分别高出9.4%、52%和60.6%。收入差距中不合理部分的比重,同样随着分位数的上升而上升;在此三个分位点上,不合理部分的比重分别是26%、71%和72%。本文的数据为企业-职工匹配数据,同时包括了职工个人属性与职工所在企业两个方面的信息,克服了遗漏变量的问题,使垄断行业高收入中不合理部分的估计值更加可靠。Industrial income differential is the most important cause of the public dissatisfaction with the income inequality in China. The high income of monopoly industries is now the typical one of the massive income inequity phenomena. But objectively speaking, not all high income of monopoly industries is unreasonable. The income differential caused by employees＇ education level is reasonable in a certain range. Measuring and analyzing the high income of monopolY industries should be based on taking various elements such as employees＇ education level and working age into account. By the decomposition method, the wage gaps between monopoly and competitive industries are decomposed into the reasonable part and the unreasonable part. The results show that, on the average level, nearly half of the average wage difference between monopoly and competition industry is unreasonable, which is caused by monopolization. From the view of income levels, the income gaps between monopoly industry and competitive industry get widened as the income quantile increases. Specifically, at the quantile points of 10%, 50% and 90%, the income gaps are 9.4%, 52% and 60.6% respectively and the proportions of the unreasonable part are 26%, 71% and 72% respectively. Using the employer-employee matched data, we overcome the problem of missing variables and make the estimates of unreasonable parts of the high income of monopoly industries more reliable.

关 键 词：工资差异 Oxaca—Blinder分解 分位数回归分解 

分 类 号：F276.8[经济管理—企业管理]