再论维特根斯坦在《哲学研究》中对“奥古斯丁语言图像”的反驳  

A Reinterpretation of Wittgenstein's Critique of “Augustinian Picture of Language” in Philosophical Investigations

作　　者：徐强[1,2] 桑田[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430572 [2]维多利亚大学哲学系 [3]电子科技大学中山学院外国语学院,广东中山510000

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期94-99,共6页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(留金发[2014〗3026)

摘　　要：奥古斯丁的语言思想有三点:语言是用来交流思想和传递信息;人们是通过"实指定义"来学会语词意义;语言与心灵的关系预设了"言语-思想同构论"。维特根斯坦在《哲学研究》中批判"奥古斯丁语言图像"的主要目的不仅在于批判以奥古斯丁为代表的传统语言观念,同时也批判了他早期在《逻辑哲学论》中的"逻辑图像论"。首先,语词的意义在于其在具体语境中的使用,具体的使用指具体的语言游戏;其次,"实指定义"不是对语词意义的解释而是描述;第三,语词的意义并没有统一标准而只有"家族相似性";最后,通过对"奥斯古斯丁语言图像"的系统反驳,维特根斯坦完成了他从《逻辑哲学论》到《哲学研究》中哲学方法和视角的转变:即从"划界"到"描述";从理想语言到对日常语言的关注。Augustine ＇ s view on the essence of language has three points ： （ 1 ） the use of language to express thought and exchange information ; （2 ） the acquisition of language meanings through ＂ostensive （ 3 ） the assertion of ＂speech - thought isomorphism＂ between language and mind. Wittgenstein＇ definition＂ ; and s critique of ＂Au- gustinian Picture of Language＂ is not only to refute the traditional view on the essence of language but also to sys- tematically repudiate the ＂picture theory＂ in his Tractatus. The specific usage means the corresponding language game ; Firstly, the meaning Secondly, ＂ostensive of a word is its use in language. definition＂ is not the explanation of a word＇ s meaning but its description; Thirdly, there is no clear boundary between various language games and no universal criterion in a word＇ s meaning but family resemblance; Lastly, through systematic refutation, Wittgen- stein has transformed his approach and focus of philosophizing from Tractatus toThe Investigations, namely, not only a change from the view of ＂demarcation＂ to ＂description＂ but also a shift from ideal language to ordinary language.

关 键 词：奥古斯丁语言图像 实指定义 维特根斯坦 语言游戏 

分 类 号：B561[哲学宗教—外国哲学]