结实期渍水对糯玉米籽粒产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Waterlogging During Grain Filling on Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize

作　　者：刘鹏 陆卫平 陆大雷 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第15期49-54,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性对水分胁迫响应的基因型差异及调控效应"(31271640);国家自然科学基金"糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成对高温胁迫的响应及水氮调控机制"(31471436);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项"江苏综合试验站"(CARS-02-50)

摘　　要：结实期是玉米籽粒产量和品质形成的关键时期,在中国南方夏季经常遭遇涝渍危害。以6个糯玉米品种为材料,研究分析了结实期（花后1~7天）渍水对糯玉米籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明：结实期渍水导致糯玉米粒数减少、粒重降低,进而导致产量损失。渍水使籽粒可溶性糖和淀粉含量降低,蛋白质含量升高。籽粒峰值黏度和崩解值除‘农科玉301’受渍水影响较小外,其他品种均显著降低,但不同品种谷值黏度、终值黏度和回复值对渍水响应不一。结实期渍水对糯玉米籽粒糊化和胶凝温度影响较小。热焓值‘皖糯5号’和‘美玉16’在渍水处理下显著降低,其他品种保持不变。相反,渍水使各品种（‘美玉16’除外）的回生热焓值和回生值增加。综上,结实期渍水导致籽粒产量降低、品质变劣（黏度降低、回生增加）。Grain filling stage is the key stage for maize yield and quality formation,and this stage sufferswaterlogging frequently during summer in south China.The effect of waterlogging during early graindevelopmental stages（1–7 d after pollination） on waxy maize yield and quality was studied with six varieties.The results showed that waterlogging during grain filling decreased grain number and weight,resulted in yieldloss.Waterlogging decreased starch and soluble sugar contents,but it increased protein content of grains.Waterlogging also reduced grain peak viscosity and disintegration value of all varieties except‘Nongkeyu301＇.Trough viscosity,final viscosity and setback viscosity in response to waterlogging were different among thevarieties.Waterlogging had little influence on grain pasting and gelatinization temperature.Waterloggingdecreased gelatinization enthalpy value of‘Wannuo5＇and‘Meiyu16＇,but this parameter remained constantin other varieties.By contrast,waterlogging increased retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of all thevarieties except‘Meiyu16＇.In conclusion,waterlogging during grain filling could decrease grain yield andquality（the decrease of viscosity and the increase of retrogradation value）.

关 键 词：糯玉米 产量 籽粒组分 糊化特性 热力学特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]