校车3点式安全带肩带固定点位置优化  

Optimization of upper effective fixed point position for school bus three-point safety belt

作　　者：葛如海[1,2] 赵越 应龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]无锡职业技术学院汽车与交通学院,江苏无锡214121

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2016年第3期40-45,共6页China Safety Science Journal

摘　　要：为研究校车3点式安全带肩带上部有效固定点布置位置对12岁儿童乘员损伤的影响,在多刚体动力学软件(MADYMO)中建立包括校车地板、前后排座椅、安全带和假人的校车正面碰撞工况下的约束系统模型。利用一款经过验证的校车模型进行仿真试验,通过正交试验方法优化肩带上部有效固定点位置,研究安全带对12岁儿童乘员的保护效果。结果表明,肩带上部有效固定点位置高度接近12岁儿童肩部高度,对其位置正交优化后,根据儿童完全伤害评价指标(WIC)选出的最佳位置为(-0.197,0.024,0.52),相较于2点式安全带,采用该位置的3点式安全带对应12岁儿童的头部伤害指标(HIC15)降低84.8%,颈部伤害指标(Nij)降低68.9%,胸部压缩量(THPC)虽升高了271.5%但仍在标准限值内。In order to study the influence of the upper effective fixed point position of school buses threepoint safety belt on injuries to 12-year-old children, a school bus constraint system model was built in MADYMO（Mathematical Dynamic Model）for the frontal impact simulation, including bus floor, front and rear seats, safety belt and dummy. The simulation model used in this paper had been validated by sled test.The upper effective belt fixed point position was optimized by orthogonal experiment method, and protection provided by the belt to 12-year-old child occupant was studied. The results show that the upper effective belt fixed point position is close to the height of 12-year-old child＇s shoulder, after the orthogonal optimization of it＇s position, the best position（-0.197,0.024,0.52）is selected based on comprehensive evaluation index WIC（Weighted Injury Criteria）,that compared to two-point safety belt, three point safety belt, of which upper effective fixed point is at the best position, can make 12-year-old child occupant＇s： HIC15（Head Injury Criteria）decrease by 84.8%, Nij decrease by 68.9%, THPC（Thorax Performance Criteria） increase by 271.5%, and the chest compression is smaller than the standard limiting value.

关 键 词：校车正面碰撞 儿童乘员 仿真分析 安全带 布置优化 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]