“信得及否?”与“承当得否?”——论王畿与罗洪先在“良知”理解上的差别  

“Accept Conscience on Faith or Not?”and“Put Wholly Conscience into Practice or Not?”:An Analysis of Different Concept of Conscience Between Wang Ji and Luo Hong-xian

作　　者：罗高强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第3期28-35,共8页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2013年教育部规划基金项目"中国古代的形而上学问题研究"(13YJA720007)

摘　　要：检视王畿与罗洪先来往的书信,我们发现王、罗两人常以这样两句话相互质询对方对待良知的心态——王问罗:"信得及否?"罗问王:"承当与否?"事实上,这两句话所蕴含的意义在于王畿坚信"良知"表达的必然性,而罗洪先却更关注"良知"在表达过程中必然存在着"外显率与表现度"的问题。因此,王畿便认为只要"信得及""良知",则"见在良知与圣人同",似如圣、凡拥有相同的"良知基因",这不仅让常人在道德本质上与圣人具有同一性,而且在现实的道德生活中也表现出一致性,从而压缩了"成圣"在现实环境中的过程性。可是罗洪先却认为若"不能承当""见在良知",则说明圣、凡在良知的外显率与表现度上实有差别,且成圣之路困难重重,需要实有诸己的功夫作为铺垫,故而提倡"主静收敛"。A review of the letters between Wang Ji and Luo Hong-xian intimates that mey often question each other. Wang used to ask Luo to accept conscience on faith; however, Luo asked Wang to put wholly conscience into practice in daily lives. In fact, it is shown that Wang is absolutely certain that conscience appears consequentially, but Luo places more emphasis on ＂penetrance and expressivity＂ during the expression of conscience. Consequently, Wang believed that there were uniform in conscience between an ordinary person and the saint, if an ordinary person accepted conscience on faith. This essentially implied that the identity in the moral essence were basic attributes and relations between an ordinary person and the saiat. It indicated that an ordinary person and a saint lived such the same moral lifestyle that it dispelled the process of sanctification. However, Luo thought if an ordinary person did not put wholly conscience into practice in his daily life, he would live a different moral lifestyle from that of a saint. Meanwhile, this would mean that the process of sanctification was full of troubles and required the moral art- ＂turning silence and convergenc ＂.

关 键 词：良知基因 表达的必然性 外显率与表现度 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]