从实体性到关系性:思维方法之互补或超越——以个体与整体的关系为例  

From the Entity to the Relationship: Complementary or Transcendence of the Thinking Method——Taking the Relationship between the Individual and the Whole as an Example

作　　者：王洪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学马克思主义学院,北京100048

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第2期28-32,共5页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"人活动的私人性与公共性研究"(12XZX004);北京市属高等学校青年拔尖人才培养资助项目"张力空间视域下的个人与群体的关系及其当代中国的解决方式研究"(CIT&TCD201304165);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心项目

摘　　要：个体与整体是具有关系性的二元存在,二者的关系问题是社会科学领域中的重要理论和现实问题。在西方哲学和社会学史上,对个体与整体关系进行阐释的方法论主要呈现为"实体性"的思维方式。时至今日,这一思维方式仍占据主导地位。因实体性思维方式预设了过多的"本体论承诺"而存在着学术和现实局限性,面临着阐释的难题和困境。基于此,布迪厄和吉登斯试图破解实体性思维方式所预设的二元对立,尝试以"关系主义方法论"实现对"实体性思维"的超越。辩证地看,"关系性思维"尚不能实现对"实体性思维"的彻底超越,探究两种思维方式的辩证互补性运用将为二元存在的关系阐释开启新的境遇。As a sort of relative binary existence,the relation between individual and whole is important theoretical and practical problem in the field of social science. In the history of the western philosophy and sociology,the methodology of interpreting the relation between individual and whole mainly appeared as substantive thinking. This way of thinking is still dominant today. Because substantive thinking presupposes a series of ontological commitments and there are too much academic and practical limitations,facing problems and difficulties of interpreting. Based on these,Bourdieu and Giddens tried to crack the binary opposition that was preset by substantive thinking,and surpassing substantive thinking with their relational thinking. Dialectically thinking,relational thinking can＇t completely surpass substantive thinking and dialectical complementarity between two kinds of thinking will open a new situation for interpreting the relation of binary existence.

关 键 词：实体 实体性思维 关系性思维 个体 整体 场域 惯习 结构二重性 

分 类 号：B025.3[哲学宗教—哲学理论]