社会支持、主动反刍与创伤后成长的关系:基于汶川地震后青少年的追踪研究  

The Relationship among Social Support, Deliberate Rumination and Posttraumatic Growth: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents after Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：伍新春[1] 周宵[1] 陈杰灵 曾旻[1] 田雨馨 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第3期735-740,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDA11);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(11JJD190006)的资助

摘　　要：本文以追踪研究的方式,在汶川地震后3.5年、4.5年和5.5年三个时间点,采用社会支持问卷、反刍问卷和创伤后成长问卷对汶川地震后245名中学生进行调查。通过建立交叉滞后模型,考察社会支持、主动反刍与创伤后成长的相互作用关系。结果发现,震后3.5年至5.5年间,社会支持对主动反刍和PTG的跨时间点预测作用不显著;主动反刍对PTG具有显著的跨时间点正向预测作用,但对社会支持的跨时间点预测作用不显著;震后3.5年的PTG对震后4.5年的主动反刍具有显著的跨时间点正向预测作用,但震后4.5年的PTG对震后5.5年的主动反刍的跨时间点预测作用不显著;震后3.5年和4.5年的PTG分别对震后4.5年和5.5年的社会支持的跨时间预测作用均不显著。Posttraumatic growth（PTG） is the most common positive outcome after traumatic events. And previous studies have found that many factors have an effect on the developmental process of PTG. The model of PTG of Calhoun and Tedeschi（2006） suggests that social support and deliberate rumination are considered to be the two important promoting factors. Social support may provide a safe surrounding for traumatic survivors, and it is necessary for them to talk about traumatic clues with others, which may be helpful to re-build the meaning of life after trauma and lead to PTG. Furthermore, social support also helps people think positively on posttraumatic clues, others and negative emotion, and results in the realization of PTG. Therefore, social support may have a positive effect on PTG by deliberate rumination. In fact, Calhoun and Tedeschi（2006） regarded PTG as an important mental result after traumatic experience. However, the PTG model of Hobfoll et al.（2007） and the Janus-face model of PTG（Ma ercker ＆ Zoellner, 2004） emphasize that PTG should also be possible a coping style after trauma. When traumatic survivors realized PTG, it indicated that these survivors had understood the meaning of a posttraumatic world, which may be helpful to improve the level of self-esteem and positive feeling, and in turn build a good interpersonal relationship. In addition, people with PTG have positive thoughts on traumatic clues, and in turn elicit the deliberate rumination. Furthermore, people engaging in deliberate rumination may have a positive evaluation of others. Then a better interpersonal relationship can be easy to build. Therefore, some researchers have suggested that PTG can be a predictive factor for social support and deliberate rumination may play a mediating role for PTG. Based on different theories, many empirical studies found that social support and deliberate rumination had a positive effect on PTG, and PTG also influenced social support and deliberate rumination. The relationship between social

关 键 词：社会支持 主动反刍 创伤后成长(PTG) 追踪研究 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]