农村教师短缺:美国州和学区的对策  

Teacher Shortage in Rural Schools:the Countermeasures of American States and School Districts

作　　者：周芬芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学教师教育学院,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2016年第6期84-89,共6页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目"农村初中布局调整学校教师资源整合研究"(项目编号:11YJA8801)研究成果

摘　　要：近几十年来,美国农村中小学面临着严重的教师队伍不稳定问题,教师离职率高,某些学科教师短缺,偏远贫穷学校招聘不到合格教师。为了解决这些问题,美国州和学区尝试了多种解决办法,其中"替代认证"、"培养自己人"、"新教师入门指导"和"针对性激励"等几项措施应用比较广泛,取得了较好的成效。这些措施分别针对潜在教师群体、新入职教师和在职教师所设计。这些对策可在设计思路、教师培训主体、学校支持和薪酬制度设计上为我国解决农村教师短缺问题提供借鉴。In the recent several decades, American rural K-12 schools faced with the problems of classroom teachers shortage, the high turnover rate and shortage of qualified teachers in particular courses and some remote rural schools. To solve these problems, the states and school districts have attempted dozen of measures during the time and four of them are highly welcomed. They are ＂Alternative Certificate＂, ＂Grow-Your-own＂, ＂Induction of Beginning Teacher＂, ＂Targeted Incentive＂. These measures are separately designed for potential teachers, newly entered teachers, the on-recruiting teachers and in-service teachers. These strategies can be references for the teacher shortage of rural China in strategy design, teacher preparation program, school support and salary system design.

关 键 词：美国 州 学区 农村教师短缺 

分 类 号：G515.1[文化科学—教育学]