建构水平对反事实思维方向的影响  

The Effect of Construal Level Priming on Counterfactual Direction

作　　者：周贝[1] 李晓双[1] 邱俊杰[1] 张锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系暨研究所,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《应用心理学》2016年第1期37-47,36,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(批准号:11BSH047)资助成果

摘　　要：研究采用因果推断和价值/可行性启动任务,考察了建构水平对反事实思维方向的影响。实验1要求被试在完成一个原因推断(高水平建构)或结果推断(低水平建构)任务后,针对一组负性生活事件执行上行或下行反事实思维任务;实验2要求被试在完成一个价值启动(高水平建构)或可行性启动(低水平建构)任务后,重复了反事实思维任务。实验结果发现:(1)原因推断可促进被试的上行反事实思维,而结果推断可促进被试的下行反事实思维;(2)价值启动可促进被试的上行反事实思维,而可行性启动可促进被试的下行反事实思维。因此,高水平建构可促进个体的上行反事实思维,而低水平建构可促进被试的下行反事实思维。The current study employed both causal / consequential inferences and desirability / feasibility priming tasks in two experiments,so as to explore the role of construal level on counterfactual direction. In Experiment 1,participants were asked to finish a task with causal inferences（ i. e.,high-level construals） or consequential inferences（ i. e.,low-level construals） first,and then execute upward or downward counterfactual thinking for a series of negative events; the methods of Experiment2 were almost the same as those of Experiment 2,except that at the beginning subjects were primed with desirability or feasibility of events. We found that（ 1） the task of causal inferences induced more upward counterfactual thinking,while the task of consequential inferences facilitated downward counterfactual thinking;（ 2） after being primed with the desirability of events,participants showed more upward counterfactual thinking,but they tended to use downward counterfactual thinking after being primed with the feasibility of events. Together,these results suggest that high-level construals can facilitate humans to take upward counterfactual thinking,and vice versa.

关 键 词：建构水平 上行/下行反事实思维 因果推断 价值/可行性 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]