南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性及理化性质鉴定  

Biodiversity,physiological and biochemical identification of culturable microorganisms from the soil of Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica

作　　者：刘春影[1] 丛柏林[2] 王能飞[2] 王波[2] 尹晓斐[2] 刘峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学(威海)海洋学院,山东威海264209 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所生态研究中心,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋学报》2016年第6期69-81,共13页

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金基本科研业务费(2011G25;0215P07);极地专项(CHINARE2015-01-06;CHINARE2015-01-04)

摘　　要：为了探索南极可培养土壤微生物的多样性,本研究对中国第31次南极科学考察采集自南极菲尔德斯半岛的5份土壤样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养。选择形态差异较大的细菌和真菌进行了16SrDNA和ITS鉴定及系统发育分析。最终共鉴定得到20个属的33株细菌和6个属的8株真菌,其中8株细菌,10株真菌序列相似性较低,可能是新种。该结果表明南极菲尔德斯半岛地区具有丰富的微生物多样性,其中假单胞菌属的细菌居多。对分离得到的细菌和真菌分别进行理化性质和胞外酶活性鉴定,实验结果显示,分离获得的细菌和真菌绝大多数可产生水解酶类并同化多种碳源。初步认定这些微生物在参与南极物质代谢、适应南极极端环境方面发挥作用。本研究丰富了对南极菲尔德斯半岛可培养土壤微生物多样性的认识,并筛选获得了一些产低温酶特性的菌株,这为极地微生物资源的利用研究奠定了基础。In order to explore culturable microbial diversity,we separated bacteria and fungi from 5different soil samples collected from the Fildes Peninsula during Chinese 31 th Antarctic Scientific Expedition.The bacteria and fungi with great morphological differences were chosen to identify by 16 SrDNA and ITS sequence.A total of 33 strains of bacteria belong to 20 genera and 8strains of fungi belong to 6genera.Among them,there are 8strains of bacteria and 10 strains of fungi with low similarity.So we suspected that they were potential novel species.The results suggested that there is a relatively rich microbial diversity in Fildes Peninsula of Antarcticand,the majority of bacteria was Pseudomonas sp.Biochemical identification and enzymatic activity of culturable bacteria and fungi demonstrated that most of microorganism can produce hydrolytic enzymes and assimilate multiple carbon sources,which also proved that they could participate in substance metabolism and play a role to adapt to extreme environment of the Antarctic.This study enriched the soil culturable microbial diversity of Fildes Peninsula and some producing low temperature enzyme strains were screened,which may lay the foundation for resources utilization of polar microorganism.

关 键 词：菲尔德斯半岛 微生物多样性 系统进化分析 生理生化特性 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]