生命的价值与自杀——从康德《道德形而上学原理》的角度  

The Value of Life and Suicide——From Kant's Perspective in Foundation of the Metaphysics of Moral

作　　者：陈小珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中北大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期9-13,20,共6页Journal of North University of China：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：自杀现象不是某一个时期的时代现象,无论哪个时代的人们都会面临着关于生命价值的困惑,都会出现主动结束自己生命的现象。康德在《道德形而上学原理》中主张人的生命先天地具有绝对价值,在任何时候都应该被当作是目的——主观目的以及客观目的,而不能是手段或工具。因而,康德认为,保全承载着自己人性的生命就是个人对自身的完全责任,应该被无条件地遵循,而不管个人的爱好或欲望是什么。所以,康德在《道德形而上学原理》中反对出于任何动机的以任何形式进行的自杀。Suicide is not an accidental phenomenon which only exists in some particular societies;in fact,at any time in any society,people could actively end their life.Therefore,the value of life is always an important concern.In Foundation of the Metaphysics of Moral,Kant argues that the value of life is priori and absolute,which means that it should be considered as the telos,both subjective telos and objective telos,never be a means or a tool under any circumstances.Therefore,he states that preserving one＇s physical life is a categorical imperative,which should be obeyed unconditionally,no matter what the personal interest or desire is,for the physical life carries man＇s humanity.In a word,in Foundation of the Metaphysics of Moral,Kant is against all sorts of suicides,no matter what kind of motives one holds.

关 键 词：生命的价值 自杀 康德 人性 《道德形而上学原理》 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]