从系统功能语言学视角看儿童语言与隐喻能力的发展  

A Study of the Development of Children's Linguistic and Metaphoric Competence—— A Systemic-Functional Perspective

作　　者：李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学外语系,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期115-119,共5页Journal of North China Electric Power University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目:英语教学中学习者的隐喻能力的培养问题研究(项目号:12YJA740036)的部分研究成果

摘　　要：系统功能语言学家从发生学的角度研究了儿童语言的发展情况,他们认为幼儿期的原语言只涉及包含内容和表达两个层面的简单符号系统,因而少有出现隐喻;而进入成人阶段的语言,在语义层和表达层之间多了词汇语法层,语义可以通过一种或多种词汇语法形式得以体现,隐喻表达式随之出现。系统功能语言学家认为,隐喻是成人语言的显著特点。但实际上儿童语言中也并非没有隐喻现象。从儿童语言到成人语言的发展并非两个泾渭分明的阶段。文章通过梳理Halliday等功能语言学家对语言个体发生的研究,发现儿童语言习得过程中对隐喻的使用伴随其语言发展的始终;因而我们认为儿童语言的发展过程实际上也是其隐喻能力的发展过程。这对语言教学具有重要的启示作用。The Systemic-functional linguists have been studying the children language development from the semogenetic perspective and they have found that there are less metaphors emerging in early childhood since the proto-language in the early age mainly includes two semiotic layers-content and expression,while more metaphors appear in adult language in which there is an additional level of lexico-grammar between semantic level and expression.Then a semantic meaning can be realized by more than one expression,which actually involves a variation in the expression of a given meaning,and thus a metaphorical mode.Functional linguists claim that metaphor is the feature of adult language.But it does not mean that children are not able to utter any metaphorical expressions.There is actually no clear-cut division between the children language and the adult language.The author has reviewed the previous studies about children language development conducted by such functional linguists as Michael Halliday and found that the use of metaphors is going all the way along the process of children language development.Thus,it can be concluded that the process of children language development is actually the process of the development of theirmetaphoric competence,which can be a very inspiring idea for language learning and teaching.

关 键 词：系统功能语言学 语言发展 隐喻 隐喻能力 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学] H313