“力”与“理”之间:欧战语境下中国“科学”概念的道德困境与意义转向  

Between Power and Right:The Moral Dilemma and the Meaning Steering of Science in China in the Context of the First World War

作　　者：张帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,副教授浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《学术月刊》2016年第7期109-122,共14页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学后期资助项目"近代中国科学概念的生成与歧变"(14FZS035)的成果之一

摘　　要：1914年欧战爆发,将附着于"科学"概念之上的竞争之"力"与生存之"理"的矛盾同时呈现,国人陷入道德困境,各种调适思想应运而生。警惕"力"者,视"科学"为物质主义,主张调和中西文明;崇尚"力"者,尊"科学"为竞争哲学,倾向唯意志论;留美学生另辟蹊径,输入整体性"科学"概念,强调科学精神与方法的超功利主义的本体价值,规避道德陷阱推介现代科学,但"科学"概念却逐渐泛化为信仰。中国的"科学"概念事实上突破了科学技术的学术范畴,多维度地向政治思想领域延伸,以表达国人投身社会变革所着意的方式。In the First World War, The international competition strength and the survival or nanonai right attached to science＇s definition. The contradictions between them were presented at the same time. Chinese people fell into a moral dilemma. Various adaptation ideas came into being, Alert to force who, looking science＇s definition as material doctrine, advocated to mediate Chinese and West civilizations. Advocate to force who, admiring science＇s definition as competition philosophy, were approved of the Only Will Theory. Some students studying in the US found another road to bring in integral science＇s definition. They stressed the ontology value of science method and spirit of beyond utilitarianism. The practice made science＇s definition avoid moral trap, but generalized for belief gradually. Science＇s definition in modern China actually extended from the academic category of science and technology to political thoughts multi-dimensionally to express way for the people to join the social change.

关 键 词：欧战“科学” 物质主义 生存竞争“科学救国” 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]