遗传物质发现史的哲学思考  

Philosophical Thinking of the Discovery History of Genetic Material

作　　者：张翮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [2]蚌埠医学院社会科学部,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《医学与哲学（A）》2016年第7期17-21,共5页Medicine & Philosophy:Humanistic & Social Medicine Edition

基　　金：2015年度安徽省高等学校人文社会科学研究一般项目;项目编号:SK2015B02by;2016年度安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目;项目编号:gxyqZD201615

摘　　要：遗传物质的发现是遗传学乃至整个生命科学史上极其关键的事件。通过回顾遗传物质发现过程中具有重要影响的事件,如核酸的发现及"四核苷酸"假说的提出、格里菲斯的转化实验、艾弗里的转化实验、噬菌体侵染实验、烟草花叶病毒重建实验等来系统回顾遗传物质的发现历程。在此基础上对这段历史进行哲学思考,探讨重大科学发现之前的研究积累、科学发现的偶然性与必然性、主流科学观念的惰性效应等问题,进而总结其中蕴含的科学发现规律及带给人们的启示。The discovery of genetic material is an extremely critical event in the history of genetics, even in the whole history of life science. In this article, the author systematically reviewed a number of key events in the discovery of genetic material, such as the discovery of nucleic acids, the proposition Of tetra nucleotide hypothesis, Griffith＇s transformation test, Avery＇s transformation test, phage infection experiment, as well as tobacco mosaic virus reconstruction experiment. Furthermore, the author discussed questions such as the accumulation of studies before important scientific discoveries, the contingency and necessity of scientific discoveries, and the inertia effect of mainstream opinion of science with philosophical thinking of this period of history. Then the law of scientific development and its implications were summarized.

关 键 词：遗传物质 核酸 脱氧核糖核酸 转化实验 

分 类 号：R02[医药卫生]