不同年龄肥育驴肉的营养成分分析  

Analysis to Meat Nutrition Composition of Donkey Fattened in Different Ages

作　　者：侯文通[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草食家畜》2016年第4期1-9,共9页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：环保部项目《重点动物调查编目》(K308020013)

摘　　要：对断奶、1.5岁、成年不同年龄驴分7组采用不同营养水平饲喂63~113 d,各组将接近平均体重的3头屠宰,取股二头肌、眼肌和臂三头肌肉样进行营养成分测定,结果表明。驴肉与其它肉类相比为高蛋白、低脂肪、低热能肉品,蛋白质质量优异,全价性好;断奶、1.5岁、成年退役驴肉中各成分平均值（%）为干物质（25.28±2.67）,粗蛋白（21.19±2.06）,粗脂肪（2.38±2.18）,粗灰分（1.10±0.12）,热能（1.441±0.129）kcal/g;随年龄增加,驴肉中干物质、脂肪、能量上升,粗蛋白、灰分下降。驴肉氨基酸总量平均为20.08 g/100 g,含量比《食品成分表》所列（15.99~19.57 g/100 g）要高;其中精氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸与猪肉、马肉相比差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）;限制性赖氨酸与猪肉、羊肉、牛肉相比差异也达极显著水平（P〈0.01）;鲜味氨基酸中的天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸试驴驴肉与猪肉、羊肉、马肉相比差异也达极显著水平（P〈0.01）;衡量肉品蛋白质质量的色氨酸驴肉（0.662 g/100 g）远高于其它家畜肉中含量。1.5岁试驴驴肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量（%）平均为（61.09±0.71）,必需脂肪酸（亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸）含量（%）平均为（21.25±3.73）;两者与猪肉、牛肉相比差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）,后者与羊肉相比差异也达显著水平（P〈0.05）;试验数据同时表明,不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量1.5岁试驴驴肉股二头肌均高于臂三头肌和眼肌。1.5岁试驴眼肌肉中胆固醇含量较低为79.20 mg/100 g,比猪肉、羊肉、牛肉含量低;不同部位脂肪中胆固醇含量不一。1.5岁试驴眼肌肉中维生素含量与其它家畜肉相近,而微量元素则较多。3 heads from each group of Weaned, 1.5 years old or retired adult donkeys with nearly mean bodyweight which were fed at different nutritional levels for 63-113 days in 7 groups were slaughtered to measure the nutrition composition in biceps femoris muscle, eye muscle and arm triceps muscle. The results revealedthat, compared with other types of meat, the donkey meat was with high protein, low fat and calorie meat andthe protein quality was excellent and with well full price; The mean value （%） of dry matter, crude protein,crude fat, crude ash and calorie of donkey meat analyzed were 25.28±2.67, 21.19±2.06, 2.38±2.18, 1.10土0.12, and 1.441 ±0.129kcal/g, respectively; With the age increasing, the content of dry matter, fat and caloriein donkey meat rose, while the content of crude protein and crude ash declined. The mean value of totalamino acids in donkey meat was 20.08g/100g, which was higher than that listed in Food composition table（15.99-19.57g/100g）. The content of arginine, tyrosine, histidine in donkey meat showed extremely significantdifference with that in pork and horse meat （P〈0.01）; the content of lysine was also most significantly differentfrom pork, mutton and beef （P〈0.01）; the content of aspartic and glutamic acid in umami amino acids reachedextremely significant difference level compared with pork, mutton and horse meat （P〈0.01）; the content oftryptophan in donkey that is an index to predict protein quality was 0.662g/100g, which was much higher thanthat in other livestock meat. The mean content of unsaturated and essential fatty acid and content of essentialfatty acid （linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid） in the meat of 1.5 years old donkey was 61.09土0.71% and 21.25 ±3.73% respectively, which reached extremely significant difference level when comparedwith pork, beef （P〈0.01） and of which , the latter was remarkably different from mutton（F〈0.05）;the data alsoshowed that contents of unsaturated and essential fatty acid of biceps femoris

关 键 词：营养成分 驴肉 肥育 年龄 

分 类 号：S822[农业科学—畜牧学]