“世界文学”的同与异及中国的境遇  

The Homogeneity and Heterogeneity of World Literature and the Situation of China

作　　者：亚思明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学(威海)文化传播学院 [2]山东大学文学与新闻传播学院外国语言文学博士后流动站

出　　处：《文史哲》2016年第4期139-145,167,共7页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"世界性与本土性交汇:莫言文学道路与中国文学的变革研究"(13&ZD122)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："世界文学"源自歌德近二百年前的文学设想,存在着同一性与差异性的结构性矛盾,同时也呈现出一种反乌托邦的欧洲中心主义倾向。随着全球化进程的深化,这一概念不断为后世学者所解读、分析和阐发。对于中国而言,自"五四"时代开始,知识分子就在为汉语语言文学融入世界文学的流通体系作着开创性的努力。直至高行健、莫言相继问鼎诺贝尔文学奖,西方文化霸权以及世界文学空间内部的不平等关系并未得到显著改变。为了摆脱全球文化产业链的低端地位,实现中华文化的繁荣与复兴,中国一方面应该避免创作及研究上的"自我他者化";另一方面也应警惕全球市场驱动下的同质主义的文学倾向,努力确立"汉语语言文化"为"世界文学"的特别媒介。唯此,中国才能从"世界文学"中获利,重建自己的民族文化自信。The concept of World Literature originated from the literature assumption,which was suggested by Johann Wolfgang Goethe about two hundred years ago.It contains the structural contradiction between homogeneity and heterogeneity,and the tendency of anti-Utopian Euro-centrism as well.With the development of globalization process this concept never stopped being explained,analyzed and interpreted by scholars of later ages.As for China,the intellectual from the'May Fourth'generation began to struggle for the integration of Chinese literature into the open system of World Literature.Until Gao Xingjian and Mo Yan won Nobel Prizes one after another,the dominance of Western culture and the unequal relationship between different zones within the space of World Literature has not changed significantly.In order to get rid of the low position in global industrial chain and to realize the prosperity and rejuvenation of Chinese culture,China should try to avoid the self-othering in literature creation on one hand,and be careful of the tendency of homogenization in global market on the other hand.Only when Chinese language established as the special media of World Literaure,China would profit from World Literaure and rebuild the confidence in national literature.

关 键 词：世界文学 世界诗歌 诺贝尔文学奖 莫言 高行健 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]