创造性物质与创造性心灵：文化生态学与文学创作  

Creative Matter and Creative Mind:Cultural Ecology and Literary Creativity

作　　者： 胡英(译)[2] 程相占(校)[3] 

机构地区：[1]德国奥格斯堡大学美国文学系,巴伐利亚州奥格斯堡86159 [2]上海师范大学比较文学与世界文学研究中心,上海200234 [3]山东大学文艺美学研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of Jiangsu University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(09YJC752004)

摘　　要：创造性并非人类独有的特征,而是生命的一种属性,某种程度上来说是物质世界本身的属性。论文第一部分按照顺序反映了物质与心灵、自然与文化之间创造性出现的各个进化阶段及其差异:创造性物质、创造性生物界以及创造性心灵。接着论文主要探讨文学创造性(文学创作)问题。通过各种文学史中的例子,尤其以美国诗歌与小说为例说明,在一个重要意义上来说,文学创作可以描述成对物质自然本身的产生与创造过程的自我反思式的呈现与审美转换。然而,想象性文本具有的这种自我反思与转换力量,正好显示出自然创造形式与文化创造形式之间的互联性与区别,其中,文学无疑是最显著的表现形式之一。沃特·惠特曼的《自我之歌》、伊丽莎白·毕晓普的《鱼》、赫曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》以及唐·德里罗的《地下世界》都是很好的例证。The essay focuses on the question of creativity from the perspective of cultural ecology.Creativity in this view is not an exclusionary feature of human culture but a property of life and,to an extent,of the material world itself.The first part of the paper is structured in the following steps,which reflect evolutionary stages of emergence and differentiation of creativity between matter and mind,nature and culture：creative matter,creative biosphere,and creative mind.After this general part,the essay specifically addresses the question of literarycreativity.As is demonstrated in various examples from literary history,specifically from American poems and novels,literary creativity can be described in one important sense as a self-reflexive staging and aesthetic transformation of those processes of emergence and creativity that characterize the sphere of material nature itself.This selfreflexive,transformative power of imaginative texts,however,marks both the interconnectedness and the difference between natural and cultural forms of creativity,of which literature is one of the most remarkable manifestations.Examples that are explicitly discussed are Walt Whitman,＂Song of Myself＂,Elizabeth Bishop,＂The Fish,＂Herman Melville,Moby-Dick,and Don DeLillo,Underworld.

关 键 词：文化生态学 物质生态主义 格雷戈里·贝特森 创造性 美国文学 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论]