批判中的反思:论《天堂车床》中两种技术伦理观的对峙与“中和”  

The Critical Reflection: the Balance of Two Contrasting Views of Technological Ethics

作　　者：程静[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学外国语学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《南华大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期98-104,共7页Journal of University of South China(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省教育厅项目"选择的力量:对厄休拉.勒奎因作品的生态批评研究"资助(编号09C866)

摘　　要：厄休拉·勒奎因(Ursula Le Guin,1929—)的《天堂车床》(1971)立足于道家的整体论视野,从诊断学视角,以疾病的隐喻,反转了成功与失败、真实与假象、技术进步与永恒自然的二元对立,有效地揭示了人类过分追求创造性与主体性之弊。小说不仅再现了道家技术观与当今西方社会"技术至上"观念的对峙,同时,也提出了技术专家面对的不仅是技术的高速进步,也肩负着维护社会秩序与"合乎自然"的宇宙秩序的责任。该小说提倡道家负责任的"无为"、"以道驭技"的技术伦理观,反对"英雄式"介入、力量滥用的美国当代功利主义技术伦理观,在当今技术"风险社会",无疑是具有深刻的现实意义。但鉴于现代技术的复杂性,应从整体论出发,平衡两种技术伦理观,"中和"两者的优势,以应对当今人类面临的生态危机、人口、种族、贫困等诸多问题。Rooted in Taoist holistic view, Ursula Le Guin＇s novel The Lathe of Heaven （ 1971 ） utilizes the disease metaphor from a perspective of diagnostics to reverse the binaries of success and failure, truth and falsity, and technological progress and everlasting nature, effectively revealing the harms of man＇s overly-developed creativity and subjectivity.The novel not only represents the conflicts between Taoist outlook of technology and the technocracy in contemporary western society. This essay holds that the novel ad- vocates the Taoist ethics of technologies such as responsible ＂wuwei＂ and ＂bringing technologies under Taoism＂, and opposes the heroic involvement, in contrast with the abusive power in the technological ethics of contemporary American utilitarianism, which is definitely meaningful in current ＂risk society＂ of technology. However, taking the technological complexity into account and from the holis- tie perspective, this essay suggests the two kinds of technological ethics be balanced out and their strengths be combined to handle the contemporary issues such as ecological crises, population explosion, racism and poverty.

关 键 词：道家技术伦理 功利主义技术伦理观 整体论 “中和” 

分 类 号：I04[文学—文学理论]