扑翼飞行器低频大行程组合伞式推进装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of propelling mechanism of ornithopter with low-frequency and big-displacement modular umbrella-like wings

作　　者：高飞[1] 吕建刚[1] 张仲志 郭劭琰[1] 

机构地区：[1]军械工程学院七系,石家庄050003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第15期32-38,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：武器装备探索研究重大项目

摘　　要：传统仿生扑翼飞行器需要在较高的扑动频率下才能获得足够的扑动升力,直接限制其向大型化发展。为解决这一问题,该文基于仿生学原理提出了一种低频大行程组合伞式推进技术,设计了推进装置结构并进行了悬停状态下的试验样机性能测试。结果表明：组合伞式推进装置通过一组扑翼在较低频率下进行同步相反方向的往复运动能够产生有效的推进力;当伞式扑翼向上运动时可以大幅减小其产生的负升力,增大伞翼展长和运动速度,其产生的空气动力均随之增大。与传统柔性扑翼相比,组合伞式扑翼具有较好的推进性能,其推进力与输入功率的比值在0.01～0.04 N/W,高于传统柔性扑翼的测试结果（-0.02～0.01 N/W）。该研究为仿生扑翼向大型化应用提供了参考。It is an effective way to mimic the movement of the flapping wings to enhance the thrust-to-power ratio of the air vehicles. But traditional flapping-wing air vehicles should be working under relatively high frequencies to overcome their gravities. It has been a lasting problem to be solved for the model of flapping-wing air vehicles grows in size. In order to solve this problem, the design and experiment of a new type of propulsion technology is described in this paper,which is inspired by the motion feature of the bird＇s flapping wing. The principle of the propulsion and movement of the modular umbrella- like wings was first developed, and the mechanism used to implement the movement of the modular wings was subsequently designed according to the principle. A structural model and the assembly relationship of the propulsion mechanism were developed for prototype fabrication. The parameters of the propulsion mechanism were confirmed based on the assembly relationships. Then a test bed was made to test the aerodynamics of the wing and propulsion performance of the prototype. This test measured the instantaneous thrust and aerodynamic forces, the velocity of the wings, the rotational speed of the motor and the driving power usage in hovering flight. Different input powers were tested to compare their dynamic performance. Finally, the results of the tests for different extends of wings reciprocating at different frequencies were analyzed to study the performance of the umbrella- like wings. The results indicated that this type of propulsion can provide an efficient propelling force by oscillating modular umbrella- like wings symmetrically in counter phase at relative low frequencies; e.g., the thrust generated by the propulsion mechanism was 6.2 N for a constant extend of 0.50 m and a frequency of 1.76 Hz. The thrust increased as the frequency increased within a certain range. Umbrella- like wing generated an upward aerodynamic force when it was moving downwards.The wing generated less negative lift force than tha

关 键 词：推进器 飞行动力学 力学特性 组合伞式扑翼 机构设计 

分 类 号：V211.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]