钢摩擦与弹性胶泥复合型缓冲器数值模型  

Numerical Model of Steel Friction and Elasticity Cement Composite Draft Gear

作　　者：常崇义[1,2] 王新锐[3] 姜岩 郭刚[1,2] 王月仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院高速轮轨关系试验室,北京100081 [3]中国铁道科学研究院机车车辆研究所,北京100081 [4]中国中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司大连研发中心,辽宁大连116052

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2016年第4期83-88,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(Z2013-J008;2014J002-A)

摘　　要：由HM-1型重载列车用钢摩擦与弹性胶泥复合型缓冲器(简称复合型缓冲器)的冲击试验特性曲线可知,复合型缓冲器在加载末端(加载与卸载转换时)其阻抗力陡增,出现尖峰(尖峰效应),且阻抗力达到一定数值后随行程缓慢增加(阻尼效应)。为准确描述复合型缓冲器的这一非线性特性,引入钢摩擦的黏滞摩擦力特性,对基于悬挂系统中悬挂力的数学方程而建立的纯钢摩擦缓冲器数值模型进行改进,以模拟纯钢摩擦缓冲器加载曲线末端阻抗力出现的非线性尖峰现象,再基于具有阻尼效应的弹性胶泥缓冲器数值模型,建立复合型缓冲器数值模型;以HM-1型缓冲器为例进行缓冲器冲击试验和重载列车纵向动力学的仿真计算,计算结果与试验结果基本一致,验证了复合型缓冲器数值模型的有效性和精确性。Impact test characteristic curve based on HM-1in heavy haul train which is steel friction and elasticity cement composite draft gear（referred to as the composite draft gear）shows that,the impedance force of composite draft gear（when loading and unloading converting）increases sharply at the end of loading with spikes（peaking effect）,and the impedance force increases slowly with travel after reaching a certain value（damping effect）.To accurately describe the nonlinear characteristics of this composite draft gear,the characteristic of viscous friction of steel friction is introduced.The established numerical model of pure steel friction draft gear based on the mathematical equations of the suspension force in suspension system is improved,and the nonlinear spike phenomena for impedance force occurred at the end of the loading curve of pure steel friction draft gear is simulated.Then based on the numerical model of elasticity cement draft gear with damping effect,the numerical model of composite draft gear is established.Taking HM-1draft gear for example,the simulations of impact test and heavy haul train longitudinal dynamics are carried out,and the results are consistent with the experimental results.Thus,the validity and accuracy of the numerical model of composite draft gear are verified.

关 键 词：缓冲器 钢摩擦 弹性胶泥 冲击试验 纵向动力学 重载列车 

分 类 号：U270.34[机械工程—车辆工程]