基于图式-例示和动态识解的隐喻创生机制——以《围城》的显性隐喻分析为例  

Schema-Instance and Dynamic Construal in Metaphor Creation: Exemplified by the Explicit Metaphors in Fortress Besieged

作　　者：谭业升[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学<外国语>编辑部,上海200083

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2016年第4期96-105,150,共10页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于语料库与认知文体学的汉学家小说翻译批评研究"(项目编号:14BYY011);上海市哲学社会科学规划基金项目(项目编号:KB15913D);上海外国语大学青年教师科研创新团队项目(项目编号:QJTD14TYS001)阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文以Langacker、Barlow和Kemmer以及Taylor阐释的图式-例示关系和识解理论为基础,提出了基于使用的隐喻表征模式,并试图以此理论框架为基础,为隐喻的创生提供一种解释机制。以《围城》中由喻词"像"启动的显性隐喻语料为例,本文重点阐述了五种隐喻创生方式,以"图式-例示关系"和"识解"为基础,进一步明确解释了语言表达层面与认知层面的桥接关系,探讨了喻词标识隐喻映射关系、启动新的隐喻识解方式的功能,也进一步明确了规约性和创新性在隐喻创生过程中的动态和系统关联,显示了以此模式为基础对隐喻创生做有限的积极预测的可能。新的基于使用的隐喻表征模式,特别是就其所涉及的图式和识解方式种类而言,为进一步深入探讨和细化隐喻创生方式的种类提供了基础,其经济性和预测性也有利于隐喻认知理论在有关语言实践中的应用。Aiming to explore the mechanism of metaphor creation,this paper proposes a usage-based model of conceptual metaphor,w hich integrates the schema-instance representation w ith dynamic construal as elaborated in Langacker( 1987 /1991),Barlow & Kemmer( 2000) and Taylor( 2002). Within the proposed conceptual framework,it analyzes explicit metaphors triggered by xiang( Like) in Qian Zhongshu's novel Fortress Besiedged,and illustrates five modes of metaphor creation,w hile discussing the function of xiang as a linguistic marker in triggering new modes of metaphorical construal. As exemplified by the creative uses of explicit metaphors,the new model of conceptual metaphor provides,in terms of schema-instance relation and construal,an explanatory basis for bridging up the cognitive foundation and linguistic forms of metaphors in creation. It also offers a more dynamic and systematic view of the conventionality and novelty of metaphors regarding the creating process,enhancing the predictiveness of the theory. The new usage-based model,especially w ith regard to the schema types and various w ays of construal it implied,promises more specific and profound classifications of metaphor creation. Being more predictive and economic,the new theoretical model may enhance applied studies in future.

关 键 词：图式-例示 动态识解 隐喻创生 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]