明清时期开封境内的黄河水患与社会应对——以府境为视角的系统探讨  

Yellow River Flood Disaster and Social Response in Kaifeng City in Ming and Qing Dynasty——Systematic Discussion in the View of Kaifeng Prefecture

作　　者：吴小伦[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学人文学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《黄河科技大学学报》2016年第4期109-116,共8页Journal of Huanghe S&T University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(10CZS039);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2014CLS012)

摘　　要：明清时期,开封境内的黄河水患达到了历史峰值,决溢徙道,频繁发生。为有效治理,两代统治者设置专司官员,厘定完善法规,筹措充足经费,预备丰硕物料,保证了挖沟开洫、修堤筑坝、疏河浚渠、堵决塞口等具体工程的实施。河患频发概由漕运制度、人稠地狭、沟渠湮废、官员频调和渎职等因素所造成,给民生带来了多重羁绊,但治河工程也取得了一定的进步,从而避免了更深远灾难的发生。In the Ming and Qing dynasty,the flood disasters of yellow river in Kaifeng city reached the maximum in history,and the water often overflowed in different ways in the neighborhood. In order to control the water effectively,the rulers in two generations appointed special officials,made complete regulations,raise sufficient fund,and prepare enough materials so as to ensure the concrete projects such as digging the ditches and channels,building up the banks,dredging the rivers,and blocking up the breaches etc. The flood disasters often took place because of the factors such as the grain transporting system,dense population in small area,wasted ditches,and officials＇ malpractice etc,which brought lots of obstacles to people＇s livelihood. But the river control projects also made certain progress,and thus avoid greater disasters that might have taken place.

关 键 词：灾害史 明清时期 开封 黄河水患 社会应对 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]