移植、融合与转化西方影响下中国早期建筑教育体系的创立  

Transplantation,Integration and Transformation Foundation of China's Early Architectural Education System under Western Influence

作　　者：钱锋[1] 沈君承 

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《时代建筑》2016年第4期154-158,共5页Time + Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51108321)

摘　　要：20世纪20年代留学回国的毕业生将他们在西方所接受的建筑教育方式引入中国,发展出新型教育体系。其中对后期影响较大的分别是中央大学和东北大学建筑系。前者教学体系由留学于俄勒冈大学的刘福泰等创立,受到美国中西部主导的结合了"综合理工学院"特征并渗入部分现代思想的教学方式的影响;后者由梁思成创立,主要受美国20年代布扎体系主导下宾夕法尼亚大学影响。后期发展过程中,两种教学体系通过全国统一教学计划的制定和师生人员的调整而逐步产生融合,并在中央大学形成了某种在中国占主导地位的教学方式,进而影响中国其他建筑院校。文章试图追溯这一发展历程,以考察起源于西方的学科和教学体系在近代中国如何被引进和转化的过程。Early college architectural education system was gradually introduced to and formed in China in late 1920s when a number of graduates who studied architecture abroad returned. Among the early architectural schools, those of National Central University and Northeastern University exerted relatively greater effect subsequently. The former education system was established by Liu Futai at al., graduated from University of Oregon, who formulated the original course system primarily according to the architectural courses of his alma mater in combination of the ＂comprehensive polytechnic institute＂ and partial modern concept of teaching. The latter was established by Liang Sicheng who graduated from University of Pennsylvania under the dominant of Beaux-Arts system in the 1920s. In the later development, upon establishment of the national unified teaching program and adjustment of the staff and students, the above mentioned two teaching systems were then gradually integrated together and certain dominating teaching method was thus formed in National Central University, which further affected other architectural schools in China. This paper attempts to retrospect this development history to manifest how the Western discipline and education system was introduced into China and then transformed in modern times.

关 键 词：建筑教育 中国早期建筑教育 综合理工学院 布扎 

分 类 号：TU-092[建筑科学—建筑理论] G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]