董仲舒的辩证法思想  

Dialectic Ideas of Dong Zhongshu

作　　者：周桂钿[1] 何大海[2] Sang Qiubo Wang Jingqiong Joshua Mason 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,教授博士生导师北京100875 [2]中国人民大学国学院

出　　处：《孔学堂》2015年第3期16-25,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,共25页Confucian Academy

摘　　要：长久以来,董仲舒被学术界认为是形而上学的代表,其思想体系没有包含辩证法的因素。但是从董仲舒的整体学说来看,他阐述了丰富的辩证法思想,主要有常变经权论、中和论、辞指论、五行论等四个方面。常变经权论提出反对固守经学教条,从实际情况出发的辩证法思想;中和论提倡要以中和养身和以中和治天下的思想,尤其是政府要具备"调均"能力的社会经济学观点;辞指论强调语言不能完全表达思想,因此不能拘泥于语言文字,而要领会其精神实质,从微言中发现大义;五行论整合了传统的五行相生、相胜学说,提出了五行"比相生而间相胜"的辩证观点。Dong Zhongshu has long been recognized as a noted scholar of metaphysics whose ideological system is presumably free from dialectics.Viewed as a whole,however,Dong has offered ample discussion on four of his dialectic ideas：changbian-jingquan（constancy and expediency）,zhonghe（the extreme and the balanced）,cizhi（words and meaning）,and wuxing（the Five Elements）.His theory of changbian-jingquan rejects the unconditional adherence to Confucian doctrines and attaches importance to flexibility to meet actual conditions.His doctrine of zhonghe advocates balanced approaches for both preserving one＇s health and governing a country and,in particular,a socio-economic view that the government should be capable of readjustment toward balance.His thoughts on cizhi emphasize that because language cannot express thought completely,one should not be wedded to language but rather strive to understand the substantial content and distill the profound meaning out of sublime words.Dong＇s theory of wuxing integrates the traditional theory of the mutual generation and competition between the five elements（wood,fire,earth,metal,and water）,and he proposed the dialectic idea that ＂adjacent elements mutually generate while every other mutually overcomes.＂

关 键 词：董仲舒 辩证法 常变经权 中和 辞指 五行 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]