播期对夏播糯玉米淀粉理化特性的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Starch Physicochemical Properties of Summer Waxy Maize

作　　者：杨欢 施燕凌 陆大雷 陆卫平 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第9期1754-1762,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271640;31471436);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(14KJA210004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

摘　　要：为明确夏播糯玉米的适宜播期,以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料,分析了播期对夏播糯玉米籽粒淀粉理化特性的影响。结果表明,2014年度2个糯玉米品种的淀粉平均粒径在早播和迟播处理下均显著降低,2013年度苏玉糯5号在早播处理下较高,渝糯7号受播期影响较小。播期对糯玉米淀粉的晶体衍射类型无影响,但使尖峰强度发生了变化。淀粉碘结合力随播期推迟逐渐降低,糊化范围在早播和迟播处理下均显著降低。淀粉最大吸收波长、糊化温度、胶凝温度(起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度)受播期影响较小。淀粉膨胀势、黏度特征值、热焓值和回生值在不同播期处理下均发生了变化。相关分析结果表明,生育期较高的积温增加了支链淀粉中长链比例,使谷值黏度升高;降雨量过多易导致淀粉膨胀势下降,热焓值降低;较长的日照时数增加了支链淀粉中长链比例,使淀粉膨胀势、谷值黏度和热焓值升高。因此,在夏播糯玉米生产中,应根据气候条件和生产目标确定适宜播期,提高黏度应提早播种,降低回生应推迟播种。本研究结果为夏播糯玉米淀粉品质调优提供了理论依据。In order to clarify the optimum sowing date of summer waxy maize, the starch physicochemical properties of summer waxy maize under different sowing dates were studied using Suyunuo5 and Yunuo7 as materials. The results indicated that the starch granule size in both varieties was decreased by early or late sowing date in 2014 and the value was higher at early sowing date for Suyunuo 5 without any effect on Yunuo7 in 2013, respectively. The X-ray diffraction pattern was not affected, but the peak intensities at different angles were changed by sowing date. Generally, the starch iodine binding capacity was gradually decreased with postponing of sowing date. The gelatinization range was decreased by early or late sowing dates. The starch maximum absorption wavelength, pasting, onset, peak and conclusion temperatures were little impacted by sowing dates. The starch swelling power, viscosity characteristics, gelatinization enthalpy and retrogradation percentage were changed by sowing dates. The correlation analysis indicated that higher cumulative temperatures during plant growth stage increased the proportion of long-chains in amylopectin, resulting in the higher trough viscosity. Too much rainfall reduced the starch swelling power and gelatinization enthalpy. Long sunshine duration increased the proportion of long-chains in amylopectin, and induced the increase of swelling power, trough viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy. In summer waxy maize production, select by sowing date should base on the locate climate condition and production objective, for example, sowing earlier to increase paste viscosity or sowing later to decrease retrograde. The results of present study provide the theoritical foundation to improve the starch quality of summer waxy maize.

关 键 词：糯玉米 淀粉 播期 理化特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]