试论古代日本姓氏文化的特点  

Features of Surname Culture in Ancient Japan

作　　者：蔡凤林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学外国语学院,北京100081

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期101-105,共5页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：和中国人相同,古代日本人的姓名结构也是由姓氏和名字组成,但是古代日本的姓氏文化有其独特性。「うじ氏」和「かばね姓」结合起来构成了古代日本人的姓氏。日本古代公卿贵族的姓氏多源自地名;中世武家的姓氏「みょうじ名字」也多源于地名。江户时代以前,日本人将「名字」作为表现家族由来的符号给予了高度重视。但是1875年明治政府颁布《苗字必称令》以后,很多人应急随意地给自己起了「名字」。姓氏反映出中日两国不同的文化传统,中国社会是以血统为纽带形成的宗法社会,而日本社会是以地缘关系组成的集团社会或等级社会。Like the formation of Chinese name,ancient Japanese name consists of surname and given name. Uji and kabane are combined to make up a Japanese name. The names of those noble class often originated from the name of a place; the myoji of Japanese medieval warrior also often originated from the name of a place. Prior to edo period,Japanese people attached great importance to myoji which served as the origin of a clan. Many Japanese people recklessly took a myoji for themselves since after the introduction of Decree of Required myoji-addressing issued by Meiji government in 1875. Different cultural traditions reflected by surnames are found in China and Japan when the former is a patriarchal society linked to blood relationship while the latter is a group society or hierarchical society formed by geographical relationship.

关 键 词：日本 中国 姓氏文化 宗法社会 地缘社会 

分 类 号：G112[文化科学]