语法隐喻理论指导下的隐喻能力培养  

Grammatical Metaphor Theory in Pursuit of Metaphorical Competence

作　　者：李杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学

出　　处：《中国外语》2016年第3期47-55,共9页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(英语教学中学习者的隐喻能力的培养问题研究;项目批准号:12YJA740036)的研究成果

摘　　要：语法隐喻是系统功能语言学理论中的一个重要概念。Halliday(1994)认为语法隐喻是一种"意义表达变异"的语言策略。语言系统提供给语言使用者的是一套系统化的意义潜势,语言使用者为实现某种语义功能需要在这个系统中进行一系列的选择,所选择的语言结构与意义表达之间的关系可能是一致式,也可能是非一致式或隐喻式。儿童逐步学会使用隐喻性语言,使用隐喻表达方式是成人语言的特点。Danesi(1993)认为,用隐喻方式说话是讲本族语能力的一种基本特征。换言之,理解隐喻、运用隐喻的能力是人们熟练掌握一种语言的重要标志。那么,在语言教学中就有必要重视学习者隐喻能力的培养。以语法隐喻理论作指导,对隐喻式产生的本质、复杂性以及功能特征进行分析,可以帮助语言学习者充分认识和掌握所学目的语言中的隐喻现象,提高他们的隐喻理解能力和隐喻输出能力,从而达到提高语言水平的目的。Grammatical metaphor is one of the important concepts in Systemic-Functional Grammar. Halliday（1994） took grammatical metaphor as a linguistic strategy for ＂variation in the expression of a meaning＂. The language system provides language users with a system of meaning potential, from which language users make a series of choices to realize a certain semantic function. The relation between the chosen linguistic structure and the meaning expressed can be either congruent or incongruent or metaphorical. Children gradually learn to speak metaphorically, and the emergence of more metaphorical expressions is an important feature of adult language. Danesi（1993） claimed that speaking metaphorically is a basic characteristic of native speaker＇s linguistic competence. In other words, the ability to understand and use metaphors can be taken as an important symbol for the good mastery of a language. Therefore, it is both necessary and important to value metaphorical competence in language education. With the guidelines of the grammatical metaphor theory, this paper is going to analyze the nature, the complexity and the functions of metaphorical forms so as to help language learners with their knowledge and mastery of the metaphorical phenomena in their target language, and finally reach the goal of improving their linguistic competence by enhancing their ability to understand and use metaphors.

关 键 词：语法隐喻 隐喻式 隐喻能力 隐喻理解能力 隐喻输出能力 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]