启蒙与“人的问题”——黑格尔的解释路径及其对马克思早期思想的影响  

Enlightenment and“the Question of Man”——Hegel's Explanation Path and Its Influence on Marx's Early Thought

作　　者：田毅松[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《教学与研究》2016年第9期45-50,共6页Teaching and Research

基　　金：教育部哲社重大课题攻关项目"<马克思恩格斯全集>历史考证版(新MEGA)研究"(项目号:10JZD0003);教育部清华大学自主科研项目"以新MEGA为基础的马克思恩格斯手稿研究"(项目号:2010THZ0)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：启蒙运动对黑格尔和马克思都产生了重要影响,在政治哲学中体现在处理人和共同体的关系上。在黑格尔的政治哲学中,共同体优先于并影响着个体,然而,它不但没有蔑视个体,而是认为共同体应该是个体实现自由的前提条件。马克思早期一方面认为共同体(类)优先于个体,人的本质体现为其类本质,另一方面认为个体超越了共同体,人就是"现实的个体的人",但他必须在真正的共同体即共产主义社会才能自由而全面的发展。黑格尔关于人的双重本质理论对马克思影响深刻并使其认为人的本质也具有双重属性——理性人和公民。The Enlightenment has an important influence on Hegel and Marx. It is embodied in the relationship between the people and the community in the political philosophy. In Hegel＇s political philosophy, community is a priority and affects the individual. However, it does not despise the individual, but holds that the community should be the prerequisite for the individual to achieve freedom. Marx, in his early years, holds on the one hand that community is a priority to the individual and the essence of man is embodied in its community nature, on the other hand that the individual is beyond the community. Hegel＇s theory on the dual nature of man has a profound influence on Marx, and makes him think that the essence of man has a dual attributes, which are the rational people and citizens.

关 键 词：启蒙 人 共同体 人的本质(人性) 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]