样例学习理论述评与规则样例学习认知理论的建立  

The theoretical review of worked example learning and the cognitive theory of worked example learning of rule

作　　者：张奇[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第5期53-64,共12页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"数学运算样例中关键步骤的学习研究"(30970888);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题"正误样例的相似性和对错误样例的认知加工对中学生学习物体受力分析迁移效果的促进"(20112136110001)

摘　　要：在简要回顾样例学习研究主要历程的基础上,对已有的样例学习理论进行了分析和评价,指出了这些理论的合理内核、存在的不足及应用上的局限性。作者结合自己及团队成员十余年来从事规则样例学习实验研究及理论探索的收获和心得,明确提出了建构规则样例学习认知理论的思想要点:规则是人们对客观规律和事物关系的认识,并据此制订的支配人们心理与行为操作的准则;规则样例学习是学生利用已知规则,在样例学习过程中经过新旧规则之间和样例规则与解题规则之间的逻辑推理,领悟新规则并掌握其应用的认知过程。On the basis of reviewing the main course of the study of the makes a detailed statement, analysis and evaluation for the existing worked worked example examples, the author learning theory, and points out the logical core, shortcomings of these theories and the limitations on application. For more than ten years engaged in experimental research and theoretical exploration in the area of worked example learning of rule, the author and team members have accumulated many achievement and valuable experi- ence, and clearly put forward the ideological points in constructing the cognitive theory of worked example learning of rules. Rule is that people understand the objective law and the relationship between things, and on the basis of the law anti the relationship formulated the rule of controlling people＇s mental and behavior operation. In the cognitive process of worked example learning of rule, on the basis of known rules and their applications, students use a variety of logical reasoning either between the old rules and new rules, or between the rules of worked example and rules of problem solving. Finally, they understand the new rules and master their applications.

关 键 词：样例学习理论 规则样例学习认知理论 样例规则 解题规则 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]