量表中的措辞效应:类型、机制及控制方法  

Wording Effect in Scales:Types,Mechanisms and Remedies

作　　者：余小霞[1] 辛自强[1] 苑媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会与心理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2016年第9期561-573,共13页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目(14SHA002)

摘　　要：措辞效应是一种由量表语言表述引起的特殊的方法效应。本文系统梳理了措辞效应的相关研究,根据措辞效应的来源将其分为正向-反向表述效应、问题表述焦点效应、量尺选项的措辞效应三类,并从语义理解、认知加工等视角探讨了措辞效应发生的心理机制。控制措辞效应有两类方法,一方面可以采用转换项目表述方式和量表形式等程序控制手段,另一方面可以采用"相关特质相关方法""相关特质相关特性"和双因子模型分析方法进行统计控制。未来研究应加强影响因素的探究,考察常用量表在不同文化下的措辞效应,并借鉴语言学的视角深入探究措辞效应的本质。Wording effect is a specific method effect caused by phrasing in a scale. According to the literature reviewed, it can be divided into three types including positive-negative item wording effect, the focus of question wording effect and scale options wording effect. This article discusses some mental mechanisms from the perspectives of semantic comprehension, cognitive processes. Two kinds of techniques can be used to remedy wording effect： a） procedural remedies such as changing item phrasing and scale type; b） statistical remedies based on Correlated-Traits Correlated-Methods （ CTCM）, Correlated-Traits Correlated-Uniqueness （CTCU） and bi-factor model. Further studies can shed light on factors that influence wording effect, and identify if this effect would affect those popular scales across different cultures. Particular views in the area of linguistic might help to illustrate the nature of wording effect.

关 键 词：措辞效应 方法效应 心理机制 控制方法 

分 类 号：B841.7[哲学宗教—基础心理学]