民初国学研究中“科学”范式的变迁——一个概念史的考察  

The Transformation of the “Science” Paradigm in Chinese Studies in the Early Period of Republican China——An Exploration of the Concept's History

作　　者：张帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学历史系,副教授311121

出　　处：《近代史研究》2016年第5期125-142,161,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目"近代中国科学概念的生成与歧变"(14FZS035)的成果之一

摘　　要：中国"科学"是一个历史性的概念,晚清自日本输入后,就作为学术名词与传统学术的改造相伴相生。新文化运动时期,留美学生输入整体性"科学"概念,"科学"开始从一个宽泛的,以分科为特征的学术体系,向整体性的,以"科学方法和精神"为核心的思维方式转换,由此催生国学研究范式从"保存国粹"向"整理国故"过渡。两种范式之异点在于评判固有学术的价值标准发生转换,但于过渡之中亦可见晚清以来学术转型的内在统一性:学术改造以分科治学为起点,以"科学"为归属,注定这是一个与传统"分",与西学"合"的总体走向;近代学人大多是借用"科学"作为概念工具,试图在分科体系内妥善安置中西新旧,调和的主张一脉相承。In China, 'science' is a historical concept. After it was introduced from Japan in the late Qing period, it, as an academic noun, paralleled the reform of traditional scholarship. During the New Culture Movement, students studying abroad in the USA introduced the holistic concept of u science which began to transform from a wide-ranging academic system characterized by specialization to a holistic style of thinking centered on the 'scientific method and spirit.' M This change promoted the transformation of the paradigm of Chinese studies research from M preserving the national essenceM to 'taking stock of the national heritage. ' The difference between the two paradigms lay in the standards of evaluating scholarship. However, in this process we can also see the unity in academic transformations since the late Qing period:subject specialization was the starting point for academic reform,and taking 'science' as the endpoint of academics meant following a path of 'splitting' from tradition and 'joining' with Western learning. Most modem scholars used 'science' as a conceptual tool, trying to appropriately place Chinese and Western, old and new learning in the specialization of subjects,such that the advocates of reconciliation were of common origin.

关 键 词：民初 国学 科学 分科 科学的方法与精神 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]