粘质土壤物理改良对烟叶品质及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Clay Soil Physical Improvement on Quality and Economic Benefit of Tobacco

作　　者：黄化刚 李传胜[2] 危月辉[2] 许东亚[2] 喻奇伟 史宏志[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [2]河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2016年第8期52-56,60,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目"促进毕节烟叶成熟期色素降解技术研究与应用"(BJYC-201305)

摘　　要：为促进贵州优质烟叶生产提供依据,于2014年在贵州省毕节市研究粘质土掺砂(砂土/客土=20%)、添加粉碎玉米秸秆(粉碎玉米秆/土壤=20%,V/V)对烟叶质体色素、香气物质含量和经济性状的影响。结果表明:与对照(常规栽培)相比,粘质土壤改良可促进烟叶生育前中期质体色素含量增加和成熟期色素的降解,对烟叶成熟的促进作用效果明显,烟叶采收期和调制后色素含量低;香气物质含量和类胡萝卜素降解产物含量增加;烟叶含氮化合物含量降低,糖分含量增加,糖碱比适宜,化学成分协调性好,优质烟叶比例提高;感官评吸结果表现为香气质改善、香气量较足,劲头较为适中,甜感增加;掺砂处理的产值、上等烟比例分别提高7.2%和14.01百分点;添加粉碎玉米秸秆处理的分别提高7%和8.24百分点。In order to provide the basis for promoting the production of Guizhou high-quality tobacco leaf through soil physical improvement measures.In 2014,the authors studied the effects of soil improvement by sand addition or cut maize stalk on the contents of the pigment,aroma substances and economic properties of tobacco leaves in Bijie City of Guizhou Province.Results：Clayey soil improvement can promote the content of pigment in the early and middle stage of tobacco leaves increased and degradation of pigment in mature period.Tobacco maturity promotion is obvious.The content of pigment in the leaves of the tobacco is low when it is harvested and after curing.Compared with the control,the content of aroma substances and the content of carotenoid degradation products increased,one of the added corn stalk treatment increased by 23.8%,and the mixed sand treatment increased by 4.7%.Leaf nitrogen content decreased and sugar content increased.The ratio of sugar and nicotine is just right.The coordination of chemical composition and the proportion of high quality tobacco is increased.The sensory evaluation results show that the aroma quality improved and the quantity of aroma is enough,the sweet feeling is increased and strength is moderate.The output value of sand mixing treatment and the highest proportion of first-class tobacco were increased by 7.2and 14.01 percentage points respectively.The output value of adding crushed corn straw treatment and the proportion of first-class tobacco were increased by 7.0and 8.24 percentage points respectively.

关 键 词：烤烟 土壤改良 质体色素 香气物质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]