新疆石油污染土壤苯并(a)芘降解微生物多样性研究  

Research in benzo [a] pyrene-degrading microbial diversity in Xinjiang petrol contaminated soils

作　　者：曾献春[1,2] 郑李娟[2] 葛风伟[2] 安登第[2] 费莹莹[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都医学院检验医学院,成都610500 [2]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第4期79-85,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2011211A032)

摘　　要：为研究新疆石油开采区污染土壤中苯并(a)芘降解微生物的群落结构特点,采集克拉玛依石油开采区受污染程度不同的土壤样品,以苯并(a)芘为唯一碳源、氮源的无机盐培养基五代富集培养,采用PCR-DGGE技术对第五代富集培养物的微生物群落结构开展研究,根据DGGE指纹图谱分析它们的遗传多样性。研究显示:三个不同污染样品微生物多样性指数(H)丰度(S)和均匀度(EH)均有所不同,重度污染土样降解苯并(a)芘的微生物类群最为丰富,其次是中度污染土样,最少的是轻度污染土样;并且三个样品微生物类群种类差异较大,菌落相似性低。对DGGE的优势条带序列分析,同源性最高的微生物分别属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。研究表明新疆石油开采区污染程度不同土壤中降解苯并(a)芘的微生物群落结构不同,提示污染严重的环境里可能蕴藏着高效降解苯并(a)芘的微生物资源。It aimed at understanding the community structure characteristics of benzo [a] pyrene-degrading microbes from contaminated soils in Xinjiang petrol exploring area. Soil samples with different contaminated degree were collected in Karamay. With benzo [a] pyrene as sole carbon and nitrogen source, we studied microbial community structure of the fifth generation by using PCR-DGGE, and analyzing the genetic diversity according to the DGGE fingerprint. Results showed that Shannon-wiener index（H）, richness index（S） and evenness index（EH） of three samples were different. Benzo [a] pyrene-degrading microbial groups from serious contaminated soil samples were relatively abundant, followed by those from the moderate contaminated soil samples, and the least was lightly contaminated ones. The microbial species of three samples were different, and the similarity was even low. By analyzing the dominant strip sequence of DGGE, the highest common-source microbes belonged to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, respectively. Study indicated that benzo [a] pyrene-degrading microbial groups varied among soils with different contaminated degree from Xinjiang petrol exploring areas, and suggested that serious contaminated soil might contain efficient benzo [a] pyrene-degrading microbes.

关 键 词：石油污染 苯并(A)芘 变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE) 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]