厌恶情绪影响道德判断的发展研究  

How Disgust Affects Moral Judgment across Age Groups

作　　者：彭明[1] 张雷[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079 [2]澳门大学心理系,澳门999000

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第5期1110-1115,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：华中师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金(CCNU16A03032)的资助

摘　　要：厌恶情绪的产生是为了回避潜在的病菌的威胁。研究发现,相比中性情绪状态下,厌恶情绪让人们更反对违背道德的行为,认为这些行为更错。目前,对于厌恶情绪对道德判断影响的发展还没有相关的研究。本实验以小学一年级,四年级及成人为研究对象来考察厌恶情绪对道德判断影响的发展。实验中被试被随机分入厌恶启动组和控制组,完成厌恶情绪任务和行为的道德判断任务。研究结果显示,在启动厌恶情绪之后,四年级和成人被试对道德违背行为的错误程度判断更为严格,同时四年级被试对行为的回避程度更高。一年级被试在厌恶情绪和控制条件下道德判断差异不显著。研究结果说明厌恶情绪对道德判断的影响是从无到有逐渐发展的。The disgust emotion has been evolved to avoid disease infection. When the risk of disease is high, people will be more likely to comply with the commonly accepted social rules and practice to reduce the chance of infection. It has been demonstrated that, when primed with the disgust emotion, compared with the neutral emotion, people rate moral transgressions and violations more harshly. However, disgust is not inborn. The disgust emotion responds to parasite pressure not only over evolutionary time, but also over lifetimes. Rozin et al. （2000） proposed a developmental model of disgust that described particular categories of disgust elicitor that appeared in a certain sequence; and Stevenson＇s study （2010） demonstrated this model, showing that core disgust developed first, and sociomoral disgust devloped last. Therefore, the relationship between disgust and sociomoral judgment is formed developmentally. However, there have not been studies to examine the development of the disease avoidance function of disgust emotion. In this study, we employed grade 1 （about 7 years old） and grade 4 （about 10 years old） primary school students and adults （about 21 years old） to investigate the influence of disgust on moral judgment across ages. Half of the participants first rated a set of disgusting stimuli pictures of feces, dead insects, and rotten foods and then completed the moral judgment, whereas the other half of the participants first completed the moral judgment and then rated the disgusting stimuli. Moral judgment behaviors included some moral violation behaviors （e.g., tearing a friend＇s favorite book apart, giving a piece of moldy bread to a homeless person, cutting up the neighbor＇s dog that died in an accident and eating it for dinner）. The participants rated the disgusting stimuli on a 5-point scale, with the following anchors： really dislike, dislike a bit, unsure, like a bit, and really like. On a 3-point scale ranging from 1 （not at all） to 3 （very much）, the participant

关 键 词：厌恶情绪 道德判断 进化 小学生 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]